Beyond Hours Worked and Dollars Earned: Multidimensional EQ, Retirement Trajectories and Health in Later Life
Beyond Hours Worked and Dollars Earned: Multidimensional EQ, Retirement Trajectories and Health in Later Life
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DOI：
10.1093/workar/waab012
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发表时间：
2021-06-23
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hajat, Anjum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrea, Sarah B.;Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy;Hajat, Anjum
在过去的几十年里，美国人的工作生活变得不那么稳定，老年人可能特别容易受到就业质量（EQ）变化的影响。我们的目标是在老年人中开发一个多维度的情商指标，并确定美国的情商和退休轨迹。使用来自健康与退休研究（HRS）的关于就业稳定性、物质奖励、工人权利、工作时间安排、工会组织和人际权力关系的纵向数据，我们使用主成分分析来构建EQ评分。然后，我们使用序列分析来确定职业生涯后期的情商轨迹（年龄50 - 70岁; N = 11，958名受访者），总体情况和社会人口统计数据（种族、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况）。随后，我们研究了这些轨迹的社会人口，就业和健康状况。我们确定了10个EQ轨迹;最普遍的轨迹是最低限度的依恋和富裕（13.9%）和良好的EQ到小康退休（13.7%），然而，42%的受访者被归类为次优轨迹。那些处于次优轨道的人是不成比例的女性，有色人种和受教育程度较低的人。在延迟和不良退休以及单身和贫困的人群中，EQ差的人自我报告的健康状况不佳和抑郁症的患病率最高，而在富裕的企业主和EQ高的人群中，健康状况不佳和抑郁症的患病率最低。有色人种女性的发展轨迹受到了很大的限制。尽管我们的研究表明，情商在晚年的分布是不公平的，但劳动力组织和政策变化可能会为边缘化人群提供改善情商和退休的机会。
The working lives of Americans have become less stable over the past several decades and older adults may be particularly vulnerable to these changes in employment quality (EQ). We aimed to develop a multidimensional indicator of EQ among older adults and identify EQ and retirement trajectories in the United States. Using longitudinal data on employment stability, material rewards, workers' rights, working-time arrangements, unionization, and interpersonal power relations from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we used principal component analysis to construct an EQ score. Then, we used sequence analysis to identify late-career EQ trajectories (age 50-70 years; N = 11,958 respondents), overall and by sociodemographics (race, gender, educational attainment, marital status). We subsequently examined the sociodemographic, employment, and health profiles of these trajectories. We identified 10 EQ trajectories; the most prevalent trajectories were Minimally Attached and Wealthy (13.9%) and Good EQ to Well-off Retirement (13.7%), however, 42% of respondents were classified into suboptimal trajectories. Those in suboptimal trajectories were disproportionately women, people of color, and less-educated. Individuals in the Poor EQ to Delayed and Poor Retirement and Unattached and Poor dusters self-reported the greatest prevalence of poor health and depression, while individuals in the Wealthy Business Owners and Great EQ to Well-off Retirement clusters self-reported the lowest prevalence of poor health and depression at baseline. Trajectories were substantially constrained for women of color. Although our study demonstrates EQ is inequitably distributed in later life, labor organizing and policy change may afford opportunities to improve EQ and retirement among marginalized populations.