Organization of left-right coordination in the mammalian locomotor network
Organization of left-right coordination in the mammalian locomotor network
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00194-7
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kiehn, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Butt, SJB;Lebret, JM;Kiehn, O
神经回路也参与其中。左右协调是节律性运动的基本特征。这些回路必然包括连合中间神经元（CINs），其具有穿过脊髓中线的轴突。CIN的特性已经在一些水生脊椎动物的脊髓中得到了详细的描述，包括爪蟾蝌蚪和七鳃鳗。然而，它们在哺乳动物肢体运动的左右协调中的功能知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们描述了目前的认识连合通路的脊髓中枢模式发生器（CPGs）的功能。相互抑制和整合的感觉信息保持在游泳的脊椎动物的手段进行了描述，连合中间神经元突出的三个基本群体之间的相似性。随后的部分集中在最近的证据，从哺乳动物肢体的准备工作，特别是分离的脊髓的新生大鼠。对CPG元件在药物诱导的运动样活动期间的作用的研究已经提供了对连合通路的位置的更好的理解，使得现在可以使用全细胞膜片钳从位于腰椎节段的节律产生区域中的解剖学定义的CIN记录。初步结果表明，这些神经元的放电模式显示出更大的多样性比以前描述的游泳中央模式发生器。脊髓CINs在运动输出的产生中起重要作用。对它们在产生运动中的功能的更多了解可能为姿势控制和行走所需的脊髓网络提供有价值的见解。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
Neuronal circuits involved. in left-right coordination are a fundamental feature of rhythmic locomotor movements. These circuits necessarily include commissural interneurons (CINs) that have axons crossing the midline of the spinal cord. The properties of CINs have been described in some detail in the spinal cords of a number of aquatic vertebrates including the Xenopus tadpole and the lamprey. However, their function in left-right coordination of limb movements in mammals is poorly understood. In this review we describe the present understanding of commissural pathways in the functioning of spinal cord central pattern generators (CPGs). The means by which reciprocal inhibition and integration of sensory information are maintained in swimming vertebrates is described, with similarities between the three basic populations of commissural interneurons highlighted. The subsequent section concentrates on recent evidence from mammalian limbed preparations and specifically the isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat. Studies into the role of CPG elements during drug-induced locomotor-like activity have afforded a better understanding of the location of commissural pathways, such that it is now possible, using whole cell patch clamp, to record from anatomically defined CINs located in the rhythm-generating region of the lumbar segments. Initial results would suggest that the firing pattern of these neurons shows a greater diversity than that previously described in swimming central pattern generators. Spinal CINs play an important role in the generation of locomotor output. Increased knowledge as to their function in producing locomotion is likely to provide valuable insights into the spinal networks required for postural control and walking. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.