Molecular and Morphological Characterization of the Corn Cyst Nematode, Heterodera zeae, from Greece.
Molecular and Morphological Characterization of the Corn Cyst Nematode, Heterodera zeae, from Greece.
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
A. Skantar;Z. Handoo;G. Zanakis;E. Tzortzakakis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Skantar;Z. Handoo;G. Zanakis;E. Tzortzakakis
在希腊北部某有机玉米田土壤中检测到玉米囊线虫。在温室研究中，利用高有机质土壤在玉米植株（zeae mays）上发现了玉米分枝杆菌的繁殖；取样时，这块地正处于冬季休耕状态。玉米植株在温室中种植，用受影响田地的土壤作为接种物。6周后出现雌性，12周后出现大量囊肿。形态学和分子诊断证实田间存在玉米玉米螟。根据囊肿的形状和囊肿终末锥的特征，包括开窗的性质、大泡的存在、囊肿壁的模式和开窗的直径来识别囊肿。第二阶段幼鱼的体长和柱头长度、柱头旋钮的形状、尾部和透明尾端的形状和长度以及侧纹的数量是鉴定幼鱼的依据。分子分析包括扩增核糖体内部转录间隔区（ITS 1&2 rDNA） 28S大核糖体亚基（LSU） D2-D3扩增段和部分18S小核糖体亚基（SSU）。ITS rDNA的限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）显示出几种独特的酶模式，可能对玉米螺旋虫的诊断有用。这些发现与先前对来自美国和印度的玉米人种的分析一致。从ITS rDNA推断出的系统发育关系与先前的分析一致，即玉米人与turcomanica、H. salixophila和Humuli类群的物种属于一个分支。基于热休克蛋白（Hsp90）编码序列的系统发育树与先前使用相同标记的研究基本一致。本研究是希腊首次记录zeae，也是欧洲第二次报道该线虫。
The corn cyst nematode Heterodera zeae was detected in soil from an organic maize field in northern Greece. In greenhouse studies, reproduction of H. zeae was detected on maize plants (Zeae mays) using soil high in organic matter; the field was under winter fallow at the time of sampling. Maize plants were grown in a greenhouse with soil from the affected field used as inoculum. Females appeared after six weeks incubation, and abundant cysts were present after 12 weeks. Morphological and molecular diagnosis confirmed the presence of H. zeae in the field. Cysts were identified on the basis of cyst shape and characteristics of the cyst terminal cone, including nature of fenestration, presence of bullae, cyst wall pattern, and fenestral diameter. Second-stage juveniles were identified by body and stylet length, the shape of stylet knobs, shape and length of the tail and hyaline tail terminus, and by the number of lateral lines. Molecular analysis included amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1&2 rDNA) 28S large ribosomal subunit (LSU) D2-D3 expansion segment, and partial 18S small ribosomal subunit (SSU). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of ITS rDNA exhibited several unique enzyme patterns that may be diagnostically useful for H. zeae. These findings are in agreement with prior analysis of H. zeae populations from the U.S. and India. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from ITS rDNA are congruent with previous analyses that placed H. zeae in a clade with H. turcomanica, H. salixophila and species of the Humuli group. Phylogenetic trees based upon heat shock protein (Hsp90) coding sequence were in general agreement with a prior study using the same marker. This study represents the first record of H. zeae in Greece and the second report of this nematode in Europe.