Ovine endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs) and placental morphogenesis
Ovine endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs) and placental morphogenesis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.placenta.2005.12.009
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Spencer, T. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunlap, K. A.;Palmarini, M.;Spencer, T. E.
内源性逆转录病毒（ERV）占每个动物物种的基因库的相当大的部分（例如，类似于人类基因组的8%）。尽管它们在自然界中数量巨大，但关于ERV的基础生物学的许多问题尚未得到解答。最重要的问题来自于在包括人类在内的许多动物物种中观察到的雌性生殖道中表达的大量ERV。绵羊携带大约20个内源性β逆转录病毒（enJSRV）拷贝，这些病毒与外源性致癌病毒Jaagsiekte绵羊逆转录病毒（JSRV）有关。enJSRVs在整个妊娠期间在绵羊胎盘和子宫内膜中大量表达。透明质酸酶2（HYAL 2）是JSRV和enJSRV包膜（Env）的细胞受体，由胎盘的滋养层巨双核细胞和多核合胞体表达。关于绵羊合胞绒膜胎盘形成过程中调节滋养层分化和合胞体形成的细胞和分子机制知之甚少。enJSRVs在绵羊子宫和胎盘中表达的时间和空间变化支持以下假设：滋养层生长和分化为双核细胞以及多核合胞体滋养层的形成涉及enJSRVs Env及其可能的细胞受体HYAL 2。
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) account for a Substantial portion of the genetic pool of every animal species (e.g. similar to 8% of the human genome). Despite their overwhelming abundance in nature, many questions on the basic biology of ERVs arc unanswered. The most important question derives from the observations in many animal species, Including humans, of abundant ERVs expressed in the female genital tract. Sheep harbor approximately 20 copies of endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs), which are related to an exogenous oncogenic virus, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). enJSRVs are abundantly expressed in the ovine placenta and uterine endometrium throughout gestation. Hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2), which can serve as a cellular receptor for JSRV and enJSRVs envelope (Env), is expressed by the trophoblast giant binucleate cells and multinucleated syncytia of the placenta. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate trophoblast differentiation and syncytia formation during synepitheliochorial placentation in sheep. The temporal and spatial alterations in enJSRVs expression in the ovine uterus and placenta support the hypothesis that trophoblast growth and differentiation into binucleate cells and formation of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast involves enJSRVs Env and possibly their cellular receptor, HYAL2.