Biochemical investigation of association of arsenic exposure with risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population and its validation in animal model
Biochemical investigation of association of arsenic exposure with risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population and its validation in animal model
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DOI：
10.1007/s10661-019-7670-2
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发表时间：
2019-07
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
K. Rehman;Fiza Fatima;M. Akash
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Rehman;Fiza Fatima;M. Akash
砷是一种天然存在的重金属，据报道会对人体不同器官造成损害。本研究旨在测定不同水源中的砷含量，并探讨砷暴露对人类和实验动物糖尿病（DM）危险因素的影响。我们招募了150名参与者，调查他们尿液和饮用水中的砷暴露。男性尿砷含量显著高于女性（P< 0.001）。同样地，尿砷浓度也很高，并且在年龄≥ 60岁（P< 0.05）、文盲（P< 0.001）、吸烟者（P< 0.0001）和糖尿病（P< 0.0001）参与者中显示出显著的相关性。尿砷暴露组糖尿病患者空腹血糖（P< 0.001）、随机血糖（P<0.001）、HbA 1c（P<0.001）、AST、ALT、MDA、IL-6、CRP、血尿素氮、肌酐水平均高于非砷暴露组。此外，我们还将白色白化病大鼠暴露于饮用水中的砷30天，并在治疗的第15天和第30天测量其血糖，与未暴露的动物相比，砷暴露动物的血糖显著升高（P< 0.001）。同样，与未暴露的动物相比，砷暴露的动物不能耐受外源性葡萄糖（P< 0.001）。同样，与未暴露动物相比，砷暴露动物的胰岛素和谷胱甘肽浓度也显著降低（P< 0.001）。正常值的葡萄糖，胰岛素和谷胱甘肽的变化表现出砷暴露对实验大鼠的损害作用。这项研究表明，人类和动物通过饮用水接触砷会导致胰腺β细胞功能的破坏，从而引发糖尿病发展的危险因素。这项研究还表明，长期砷暴露诱导高血糖，炎症和氧化应激，可能导致糖尿病的发病。
Arsenic is one of the naturally occurring heavy metal that has been reported to cause damaging effects on different body organs. This study was aimed to determine the arsenic level in different water sources and investigate the effect of arsenic exposure on risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in human participants and experimental animals. We recruited 150 participants to investigate the arsenic exposure in their urine and from drinking water. We found that males contained significantly higher (P< 0.001) concentrations of urinary arsenic as compared with that of their female counterparts. Similarly, urinary arsenic concentration was high and showed significant association in the age of ≥ 60 years (P< 0.05), illiterate (P< 0.001), smokers (P< 0.0001), and diabetic (P< 0.0001) participants. Moreover, urinary arsenic exposure was also associated with higher levels of fasting (P< 0.001) and random blood glucose (P< 0.001), HbA1c (P< 0.001), AST, ALT, MDA, IL-6, CRP, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in arsenic-exposed diabetics as compared with that of unexposed diabetics. Further, we also exposed the white albino rats with arsenic in drinking water for 30 days and their blood glucose was measured at 15th and 30th days of treatment that was significantly higher (P< 0.001) in arsenic-exposed animals as compared with that of unexposed animals. Similarly, arsenic-exposed animals failed to tolerate exogenously administered glucose (P< 0.001) as compared with that of unexposed animals. Likewise, insulin and glutathione concentrations were also significantly decreased (P< 0.001) in arsenic-exposed animals as compared with that of unexposed animals. The alterations in normal values of glucose, insulin, and glutathione exhibited the damaging effects of arsenic exposure in experimental rats. This study showed that arsenic exposed to human beings and animals through drinking water resulted in the disruption of pancreatic β-cell functioning that provoked the risk factor for development of DM. This study also suggested that long-term arsenic exposure induces hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress that may lead to the onset of development of DM.