Unintentional effects of environmentally-friendly farming practices: Arising conflicts between zero-tillage and a crop pest, the common vole (Microtus arvalis).
Unintentional effects of environmentally-friendly farming practices: Arising conflicts between zero-tillage and a crop pest, the common vole (Microtus arvalis).
复制标题
环保耕作方式的无意影响：零耕作与作物害虫——田鼠（Microtus arvalis）之间引发的冲突。
DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.013
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roos D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roos D
普通田鼠是欧洲一种主要的兼性、食腐性农田啮齿动物害虫，在种群爆发期间可大大降低作物产量。保护作物免受普通田鼠侵害是一项复杂的任务，需要在综合虫害管理战略中考虑一套预防和控制措施。一个可能的选择是改变耕作方式，以减少啮齿动物避难所的可用性，以及它们随后对作物造成的损害。然而，农业必须同时满足多个目标，包括减少碳排放、土壤侵蚀和用水，以及改善土壤质量。通过保护性农业战略（如免耕）种植作物将减少作物管理投资，但在许多地区也得到推广，以减少碳排放和增加土壤有机质。然而，它可以创造良好的避难所栖息地的fossorial啮齿类作物害虫，如普通田鼠，受益于减少土壤扰动之间的作物轮作，从而增加洞穴的持久性。评估耕作方法、耕作方法与不同作物的相互作用以及接近潜在的常见田鼠来源对常见田鼠占有率的影响，可以在综合管理战略中提供一个有价值的工具。使用一个2公顷的实验田，62块180平方米（每个大致匹配常见的田鼠的家范围大小）位于西班牙西北部的实验地块，我们测试了如何耕作的做法，作物类型（小麦，大麦，野豌豆，纳博讷野豌豆，豌豆和休耕）和距离可能的殖民化来源影响在低人口密度条件下常见的田鼠田间使用。研究结果表明，耕作措施（免耕、少耕和常规耕作）对普通田鼠发生的影响大于作物类型等其他因素，从而支持了耕作措施在普通田鼠栖息地利用中起关键作用的假设。
Common voles are a main European facultative, fossorial, farmland rodent pest that can greatly reduce crop yields during population outbreaks. Crop protection against common voles is a complex task that requires the consideration of a set of preventive and control measures within an integrated pest management strategy. A possible option could be to modify farming practices to reduce the availability of refuges for rodents and the damage to crops that they subsequently cause. Farming, however, must simultaneously meet multiple goals including the reduction of the carbon (C) emissions, soil erosion and water use, and the improvement of soil quality. Crop establishment through conservation agriculture strategies, like zero-tillage, would reduce crop management investment, but is also promoted in many regions to reduce C emissions and increase soil organic matter. It could, however, create favourable refuge habitats for fossorial rodent crop pests, like common voles, benefitting from reduced soil disturbance between crop rotations and thus increasing burrow persistence. Assessing the impact that tillage practices, their interaction with different crops and the influence of proximity to potential common vole sources, have on common vole occupancy could provide a valuable tool within an integrated management strategy. Using a 2-ha experimental field with 62 plots 180 m2(each roughly matching common vole home range size) located experimental plots in north-western Spain, we tested how tillage practices, crop type (wheat, barley, vetch, Narbonne vetch, pea and fallow) and distances from possible colonization sources affect field use by common vole during low population density conditions. Our results show that tillage practices have more influence on common vole occurrence (zero tillage > reduced and conventional tillage) than other aspects such as crop type thus supporting the hypothesis that tillage practices play a key role in common vole habitat use.