Engineering Microbiomes—Looking Ahead
Engineering Microbiomes—Looking Ahead
复制标题
工程微生物组——展望未来
DOI：
10.1021/acssynbio.0c00558
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Friedman, Douglas C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Eric D.;Aurand, Emily R.;Friedman, Douglas C.
微生物群落是群落中微生物的集合，它塑造了自然界。它们存在于地球上几乎所有的有机体和环境中，存在于地球上的几乎所有生物和环境中。微生物以关键的方式与环境相互作用，与环境中的生物和非生物元素形成动态关系和相互作用。在过去的20年里，测序和组学技术的进步帮助微生物组研究从有限的微生物群落组成快照转变为揭示微生物组及其相互作用的充满活力的、动态的全景。现在，新的工具可以在实验室中操纵和培育群落，进行大规模、高通量的实验，并更好地了解不同组成群落成员的角色，这使得微生物群工程的前景成为未来20年一个具有挑战性但可以实现的目标。微生物群工程可以促进食品生产、人类和动物健康以及环境保护和恢复方面的革命性变化。转基因微生物可以减少或消除对破坏环境的化肥的需求，同时有助于提高主要作物的抗病能力。个性化的人体微生物群可能有助于预防疾病，甚至增强人类健康。可以通过改造海洋微生物来减少和减轻塑料和微塑料污染。总而言之，这些以及工程微生物的许多其他应用具有改变我们世界的潜力。为了帮助实现我们设想的未来，我们发布了一份名为微生物组工程的技术研究路线图：A
Microbiomes, the collective of microbes within a community, shape the natural world. They exist in, on, and around nearly every organism and environment on Earth. Microbiomes interact with their environments in key ways, forming dynamic relationships and interactions with biotic and abiotic elements of their environments. Over the past 20 years, advances in sequencing and-omics technologies have helped transform microbiome research from limited snapshots of microbial community composition to reveal vibrant, dynamic panoramas of microbiomes and their interactions. Now, new tools to manipulate and grow communities in the lab, perform large-scale, high-throughput experiments, and better understand the roles of different constituent community members, make the prospect of engineering microbiomes a challenging but achievable goal for the next 20 years.The engineering of microbiomes could facilitate revolutionary changes in food production, human and animal health, and environmental preservation and restoration. Engineered microbiomes could reduce or eliminate the need for environmentally damaging fertilizers, while facilitating increased disease resistance in staple crops. Personalized human microbiomes may help prevent diseases or even enhance human health. Ocean microbiomes can be engineered to reduce and mitigate plastic and microplastics pollution. Together, these and many other applications of engineered microbiomes hold the potential to transform our world. To help achieve the future we envision, we published a technical research roadmap entitled Microbiome Engineering: A