Motor neurone responses during a postural reflex in solitarious and gregarious desert locusts
Motor neurone responses during a postural reflex in solitarious and gregarious desert locusts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.04.011
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Rogers, Stephen M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blackburn, Laura M.;Ott, Swidbert R.;Rogers, Stephen M.
沙漠蝗虫表现出极端的表型可塑性，可以在形态、生理和行为完全不同的两个阶段之间可逆地变化。孤独的蝗虫在外表和行为上都是神秘的，缓慢地行走，身体紧贴地面。群居的蝗虫外表显眼，也更活跃，行走迅速，身体离地较远。在行走过程中，单独的蝗虫后腿的股胫（F-T）关节的偏移较小，并且在整个步骤中关节保持更多的弯曲。在开环条件下，孤立蝗虫的慢伸胫骨运动神经元表现出强烈的强直活动，并在更大的F-T角上增加。而群居蝗虫的SETi则表现出微弱的滋补活性。F-T关节的模拟屈曲在SETi的两个阶段都会引起阻力反射，但无论腿部的初始和最终位置如何，在这些反射中，SETi的峰值率在独居蝗虫中是群居蝗虫的两倍。在孤立的蝗虫中，控制姿势反射的神经网络中增加的感觉-运动增益可能与这一阶段明显的行为麻痹的发生有关，这与其他隐蔽昆虫（如竹节虫）类似。(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Desert locusts show extreme phenotypic plasticity and can change reversibly between two phases that differ radically in morphology, physiology and behaviour. Solitarious locusts are cryptic in appearance and behaviour, walking slowly with the body held close to the ground. Gregarious locusts are conspicuous in appearance and much more active, walking rapidly with the body held well above the ground. During walking, the excursion of the femoro-tibial (F-T) joint of the hind leg is smaller in solitarious locusts, and the joint is kept more flexed throughout an entire step. Under open loop conditions, the slow extensor tibiae (SETi) motor neurone of solitarious locusts shows strong tonic activity that increases at more extended F-T angles. SETi of gregarious locusts by contrast showed little tonic activity. Simulated flexion of the F-T joint elicits resistance reflexes in SETi in both phases, but regardless of the initial and final position of the leg, the spiking rate of SETi during these reflexes was twice as great in solitarious compared to gregarious locusts. This increased sensory-motor gain in the neuronal networks controlling postural reflexes in solitarious locusts may be linked to the occurrence of pronounced behavioural catalepsy in this phase similar to other cryptic insects such as stick insects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.