Transmission of human papillomavirus type 11 infection by desquamated cornified cells
Transmission of human papillomavirus type 11 infection by desquamated cornified cells
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DOI：
10.1006/viro.2000.0777
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Brown, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bryan, JT;Brown, DR
虽然人们对人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 的生产周期了解很多，但对病毒粒子在人与人之间传播的机制却知之甚少。角质形成细胞是HPV感染的靶细胞。随着角质形成细胞分化，细胞核丢失，角质化细胞包膜发育。这些脱落的角质细胞（DCC）层不断地从角质层脱落。 HPV 的释放需要角质化细胞包膜（通常是一种非常耐用的结构）破裂，释放细胞内容物。在感染 HPV 11 的分化角质形成细胞中，角质化细胞包膜异常薄且脆弱。在这项研究中，来自 HPV 11 感染的生殖器上皮的 DCC 用于研究病毒传播的机制。首先，通过透射电子显微镜检查 HPV 11 感染的组织中是否存在病毒粒子。在分化的角质形成细胞的细胞核中观察到病毒粒子。此外，在经历核溶解的 DCC 的细胞质中检测到病毒粒子。很少在细胞外观察到病毒颗粒。接下来，在无胸腺小鼠异种移植系统中进行的测定中测试了完整和破裂的 DCC 的感染性。高滴度氯化铯梯度纯化的 HPV 11 病毒粒子感染了 100% 恢复的异种移植物。使用源自 HPV 11 感染组织的完整 DCC，62.5% 的恢复异种移植物被感染。为了测试机械应力对感染性的影响，通过超声处理使 DCC 破裂并用于感染性测定。传染率上升至90%。我们得出的结论是，DCC 在 HPV 11 感染中可作为有效、集中递送病毒体的载体。 (C) 2001 年学术出版社。
While much is known about the human papillomavirus (HPV) productive cycle, the mechanisms of virion transmission from person to person are poorly understood. The keratinocyte is the target cell of HPV infection. As keratinocytes differentiate, nuclei are lost and the cornified cell envelope develops. Layers of these desquamated cornified cells (DCCs) are continuously shed from the stratum corneum. Release of HPV requires the cornified cell envelope, a normally very durable structure, to break apart, liberating the contents of the cell. In differentiated keratinocytes infected with HPV 11, the cornified cell envelope is abnormally thin and fragile. In this study, DCCs from HPV 11-infected genital epithelium were used to investigate the mechanisms of viral transmission. First, HPV 11-infected tissue was examined for the presence of virions by transmission electron microscopy. Virions were observed in the nuclei of differentiated keratinocytes. In addition, virions were detected in the cytoplasm of DCCs that had undergone nuclear dissolution. Rarely, virions were observed outside of cells. Next, infectivity of intact and ruptured DCCs was tested in an assay performed in the athymic mouse xenograft system. High-titer cesium chloride gradient-purified HPV 11 virions infected 100% of recovered xenografts. Using intact DCCs derived from HPV 11-infected tissue, 62.5% of recovered xenografts were infected. To test the effects of mechanical stress on infectivity, DCCs were ruptured by sonication and used in the infectivity assay. The infectivity rate increased to 90%. We conclude that DCCs serve as vehicles for efficient, concentrated delivery of virions in HPV 11 infection. (C) 2001 Academic Press.