Influenza vaccination rate and its association with chronic diseases in China: Results of a national cross-sectional study
Influenza vaccination rate and its association with chronic diseases in China: Results of a national cross-sectional study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.093
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发表时间：
2020-03-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Fang，Liwen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan，Jing;Cong，Shu;Fang，Liwen
接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的方法。在全中国和慢性疾病人群中，很少有关于其发病率的研究报告。对中国的比率进行了估计。方法所有数据均来自2014 - 2015年中国大陆40岁及以上人口的全国性横断面调查样本。2018-19年度，共有74,484名自我报告流感疫苗接种情况完整的个体进行了分析。结果总体流感疫苗接种率为2.4% (95% CI 1.4 ~ 3.3)，其中40 ~ 59岁年龄组为1.7% (95% CI 1.2 ~ 2.2)，≥60岁年龄组为3.8% （95% CI 1.6 ~ 5.9）。在患有慢性疾病的人群中，这一比率为4.0% （95% CI 2.0-5.9）。哮喘患者和肺气肿患者的发病率最高（7.1%,95% CI 3.2-11.0和6.6%,95% CI 3.6-9.7），而慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者和慢性支气管炎患者的发病率较低（3.6%,95% CI 2.0-5.2和4.8%,95% CI 2.6-7.0）。与目前吸烟者（1.8%,95% CI 0.9-2.7）和从不吸烟者（2.5%,95% CI 1.4-3.6）相比，前吸烟者（3.3%,95% CI 2.3-4.4）的发病率最高。实行财政报销疫苗接种政策的人群疫苗接种率较高（11.5%,95% CI 10.8 ~ 12.2） （p < 0.05）。年龄较大、受教育程度较高、职业为专业技术人员、居住在农村或北方地区、曾经吸烟或从未吸烟的人群更容易接种疫苗（p < 0.05）。结论中国≥40岁、≥60岁及慢性疾病人群流感疫苗接种率较低。应广泛实施针对老年人的报销政策，并迫切关注针对慢性病患者的战略，以提高流感疫苗接种覆盖率。
IntroductionInfluenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. Few studies on its rate were reported throughout China and for populations with chronic diseases. An estimation of the rates in China was accomplished.MethodsAll data were from a national cross-sectional survey of a sample representing the population aged 40 years or older in mainland China in 2014–15. A total of 74,484 individuals with complete self-reported influenza vaccination status were analyzed in 2018–19.ResultsThe overall influenza vaccination rate was 2.4% (95% CI 1.4–3.3) with 1.7% (95% CI 1.2–2.2) for the age group 40–59 years and 3.8% (95% CI 1.6–5.9) for the group ≥60 years. The rate was 4.0% (95% CI 2.0–5.9) among people with a chronic disease. People with asthma and people with emphysema had the highest rates (7.1%, 95% CI 3.2–11.0 and 6.6%, 95% CI 3.6–9.7) while people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and people with chronic bronchitis had the lower rates (3.6%, 95% CI 2.0–5.2 and 4.8%, 95% CI 2.6–7.0). The rate was the highest among former smokers (3.3%, 95% CI 2.3–4.4) compared to current smokers (1.8%, 95% CI 0.9–2.7) and never smokers (2.5%, 95% CI 1.4–3.6). People living with finance-reimbursed vaccination policy, a positive factor for vaccination, had a higher vaccination rate (11.5%, 95% CI 10.8–12.2) (p < 0.05). People with older age, higher education level, occupation of professionals or technical personnel, living in rural areas or Northern China, former/never smoking were more likely to be vaccinated (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe influenza vaccination rate is low among adults aged ≥40 years, those ≥60 years and those with chronic diseases in China. Reimbursement policy targeting the elderly should be implemented widely and strategies towards patients with chronic diseases need urgent attention to increase the influenza vaccination coverage.