Distinguishing passive contamination from active cocaine consumption: Assessing the occupational exposure of narcotics officers to cocaine
Distinguishing passive contamination from active cocaine consumption: Assessing the occupational exposure of narcotics officers to cocaine
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DOI：
10.1016/s0379-0738(96)02052-x
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发表时间：
1997-01-17
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Mieczkowski, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mieczkowski, T
头发分析已被用于缓刑和假释人群，以监测可卡因的使用，但仅在非常有限的设置或情况下。其更广泛的采用受到了关于区分通过偶然接触和实际摄入的头发环境污染的能力的问题的限制。为了评估这种能力，我们试图识别那些经常接触可卡因的人，他们不是可卡因使用者。从事以可卡因为中心的执法活动的卧底缉毒人员和没有可卡因使用史的证据室职员被确定为适当的示例人群。36名现役便衣警察和4名证据技术人员被要求自愿提交头发样本进行分析。此外，还将两份可卡因污染（水溶液浸泡）、三份阴性对照样品和来自一名自述的快克吸烟者的毛发盲态提交给检测实验室。洗涤头发样品，洗涤后进行酶消化。分别分析洗涤溶液和毛发消化物中可卡因的存在。结果表明，几乎每个人在洗涤部分中都有微量的可卡因污染，一个人的头发消化物中含有可卡因。那个人，当重新测试时，是阴性的。实验室正确识别并表征了污染的阴性和阳性对照品。该研究得出结论，这些发现支持毛发分析区分可卡因使用与正常现场条件下暴露的能力。研究结果表明，长期、偶然接触可卡因的可卡因戒断者不太可能使用本项目遵循的分析方案检测头发可卡因阳性。研究还表明，在检查可卡因密集环境中的人时，需要考虑被动微量摄入可卡因。(C)1997 Elsevier Science爱尔兰有限公司
Hair analysis has been used in probationary and parole populations to monitor for cocaine use, but only in very limited settings or circumstances. Its wider adoption has been limited by questions regarding the ability to distinguish environmental contamination of hair via casual contact from actual ingestion. To evaluate this capability we sought to identify persons routinely exposed to cocaine, who were not cocaine users. Undercover narcotics officers engaged in cocaine-centered enforcement activities and evidence room clerks who have no history of cocaine use were identified as an appropriate example population. Thirty-six active undercover officers and four evidence technicians were asked to voluntarily submit hair samples for analysis. Additionally two cocaine contaminated (aqueous soaked), three negative control samples, and hair from a self-reported crack smoker were also blindly submitted to the testing laboratory. The hair samples were washed and after washing, enzyme digested. The wash solutions and hair digest were each analyzed for the presence of cocaine. The results indicate that nearly every person had trace amounts of cocaine contamination in the wash fraction, and one person had cocaine present in their hair digest. That person, when retested, was a negative. The laboratory correctly identified and characterized the contaminated, negative, and positive controls. The study concludes that the findings support the capability of hair analysis to distinguish cocaine use from exposure under normal field conditions. The study results indicate that cocaine-abstinent persons who are in chronic, casual environmental contact with cocaine are not likely to test hair positive for cocaine using the analysis protocols followed in this project. The study also indicates that passive microingestion of cocaine needs to be considered when examining persons who are in cocaine intensive environments. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.