Pasture age impacts soil fungal composition while bacteria respond to soil chemistry
Pasture age impacts soil fungal composition while bacteria respond to soil chemistry
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DOI：
10.1101/2021.09.13.460094
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. M. Seaton;R. Griffiths;T. Goodall;I. Lebron;L. Norton
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文献类型：
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作者：
F. M. Seaton;R. Griffiths;T. Goodall;I. Lebron;L. Norton
牧场是全球重要的管理栖息地，提供食物和收入。它的管理方式会对土壤微生物群落和相关的土壤健康产生广泛的影响。虽然已经有几项研究将牧场农业与其他形式的土地利用进行比较，但我们对牧场之间和管理实践之间的土壤微生物群落如何变化的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们展示了对由牧场饲养牲畜协会成员管理的 56 个英国畜牧场进行的实地调查结果，使用 16S 和 ITS 区域的扩增子测序来表征不同时间牧场下的田地内的土壤细菌和真菌群落。我们发现，放牧管理强度对微生物群落结构的影响有限，而耕地后的放牧时间（从1年到100多年）对真菌群落结构有影响。管理持续时间的影响取决于土壤理化性质，特别是 pH 值。植物群落对土壤细菌和真菌组成的影响似乎也与土壤化学相互作用，突出了植物-土壤相互作用在确定微生物群落结构中的重要性。对微生物指标的分析显示，与细菌类群相比，对多种生态系统健康相关特性做出反应的真菌类群比例更高。我们还确定了几个真菌类群，它们既可以作为数据集中土壤健康相关特性的指标，又可以在国家调查中显示草地类型之间的差异，表明一些真菌指标在国家层面的普遍性。伞形孢菌的成员与土壤健康的多种指标相关。我们的结果表明，维护草地对于植物-土壤相互作用和微生物群落结构发展的重要性，以及随之而来的对土壤和总体生态系统健康的影响。要点 使用 DNA 元条形码对超过 50 个牧场的土壤细菌和真菌进行了分析 自耕作以来的牧场持续时间影响了真菌群落组成 细菌与土壤理化性质的相关性高于真菌 植物对土壤微生物的影响是通过与土壤化学的相互作用实现的 土壤健康的微生物指标是不成比例的真菌类群
Pasture is a globally important managed habitat providing both food and income. The way in which it is managed leads to a wide range of impacts on soil microbial communities and associated soil health. While there have been several studies comparing pasture farming to other forms of land use, we still have limited understanding of how the soil microbial communities vary between pasture farms and according to management practices. Here we present the results of a field survey across 56 UK livestock farms that are managed by members of the Pasture fed Livestock Association, using amplicon sequencing of the 16S and ITS regions to characterise the soil bacterial and fungal community within fields that have been under pasture for differing durations. We show that grazing management intensity has only limited effects upon microbial community structure, while the duration of pasture since ploughing (ranging from 1 year to over 100 years) impacted the fungal community structure. The impact of management duration was conditional upon soil physicochemical properties, particularly pH. Plant community effects on upon soil bacterial and fungal composition appear to also interact with the soil chemistry, highlighting the importance of plant-soil interactions in determining microbial community structure. Analyses of microbial indicators revealed proportionally more fungal taxa that responded to multiple ecosystem health associated properties than bacterial taxa. We also identified several fungal taxa that both acted as indicators of soil health related properties within our dataset and showed differentiation between grassland types in a national survey, indicating the generality of some fungal indicators to the national level. Members of the Agaricomycetes were associated with multiple indicators of soil health. Our results show the importance of maintaining grassland for the development of plant-soil interactions and microbial community structure with concomitant effects on soil and general ecosystem health. Highlights Soil bacteria and fungi from >50 pastures were analysed using DNA metabarcoding Duration of pasture since ploughing impacted fungal community composition Bacteria were more associated with soil physicochemical properties than fungi Plant effects on soil microbes were through interactions with soil chemistry Microbial indicators of soil health were disproportionately fungal taxa