Racial and Ethnic Recidivism Risks
Racial and Ethnic Recidivism Risks
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种族和民族累犯风险
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Jacoby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Virginia McGovern;Stephen Demuth;J. Jacoby
尽管美国的西班牙裔人口数量庞大且增长迅速，但很少有研究人员试图研究西班牙裔罪犯一旦从刑事司法控制中释放后会发生什么。本研究有助于填补这一空白，通过检查白色，黑人和西班牙裔囚犯之间的累犯的可能性的差异，使用三种不同的累犯措施：再次逮捕，重新定罪，重新监禁。作者使用了司法统计局的数据，这些数据追踪了1994年从州和联邦监狱释放后3年的一批罪犯。总体而言，研究结果表明，白色释放者的累犯水平最低，黑人释放者的累犯水平最高，净与累犯风险相关的重要法律的因素;西班牙裔累犯水平介于白色和黑人之间。然而，任何关于西班牙裔获释者维斯黑人和白色获释者的相对累犯风险的结论都必须考虑如何衡量累犯。该研究发现，西班牙裔重新逮捕和重新定罪的水平更接近白人，但西班牙裔重新监禁的水平更类似于黑人。作者根据越来越多的研究结果讨论了这些发现，这些研究表明，在刑事案件过程的各个阶段，西班牙裔被告可能会面临比处境相似的白色（甚至是黑人）被告更具惩罚性的结果，因为他们被认为比其他被告更应受到指责，对公共安全的威胁更大。
Despite a large and rapidly growing Hispanic population in the United States, few researchers have attempted to examine what happens to Hispanic offenders once they have been released from criminal justice control. The present study helps fill this gap by examining differences in the likelihood of recidivism between White, Black, and Hispanic prison releasees using three different recidivism measures: rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration. The authors use Bureau of Justice Statistics data that track a cohort of offenders for 3 years after their release in 1994 from state and federal prisons. Overall, the study findings show that White releasees have the lowest levels of recidivism and Black releasees have the highest levels of recidivism, net of important legal factors associated with recidivism risk; Hispanic recidivism levels are between those of White and Black releasees. Any conclusions drawn about the relative recidivism risk of Hispanic releasees vis-à-vis Black and White releasees must, however, consider how recidivism is measured. The study finds that Hispanic rearrest and reconviction levels more closely mirror those of Whites, but Hispanic reincarceration levels are more similar to those of Blacks. The authors discuss these findings in light of a growing body of research suggesting that Hispanic defendants may face more punitive outcomes relative to similarly situated White (and even Black) defendants at various stages of the criminal case process because they are perceived as more blameworthy and a greater threat to public safety than other defendants.