Ecopreneurs, rural development and alternative socio-technical arrangements for community renewable energy
Ecopreneurs, rural development and alternative socio-technical arrangements for community renewable energy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.03.009
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
N. Magnani;M. Maretti;R. Salvatore;I. Scotti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Magnani;M. Maretti;R. Salvatore;I. Scotti
本文旨在为可再生能源社会创新与农村发展关系的研究做出贡献。目前正在进行的能源转型可以理想地为农村地区提供新的发展机会，因为农村地区拥有丰富的可再生能源（太阳能、风能、水能）和土地。正如Kitchen和Marsden（2009年）所强调的那样，农村地区是促进“生态经济”的关键领域，“生态经济”被定义为一种以可再生能源为主要支柱之一的地方发展模式。在实行权力下放、以社区为基础的可再生能源生产和管理形式时，情况尤其如此。事实上，在许多国家，农村地区是出现所谓社区可再生能源的首选地点（Osti，2013年; Kaphengst和韦尔滕，2014年）。CRE是文献中使用的一个总括术语，表示可再生能源开发和供应的各种创新经验，其特征是项目开发中不同程度的公众参与以及提供各种社区利益的意图（步行者和Devine-Wright，2008年，Rogers等人，2012年）。正如步行者（2008年）所强调的那样，CRE可以采取的形式因财务、组织和法律的观点而异。它可能包括拥有能源基础设施的绿色能源合作社，以及地方社区、企业和地方政府共同拥有和共同管理绿色能源项目。社区举措可能仅侧重于能源生产，也可能侧重于供应（Schreuer和Weismeier-Sammer，2010年）。此外，它们可以将联合收割机可再生能源发电与针对当地居民的行为倡议和能源效率措施相结合（Seyfang等人，2012).关于CRE的研究强调了分散能源开发的多重环境和社会效益。一般而言，CRE被认为是基于利基的社会创新形式，对于向环境上更可持续的社会技术系统过渡的形式的出现具有更广泛的意义（Seyfang和Smith，2007年）。特别是在农村地区，文献强调，由于这种生态社会创新与大型企业主导的举措不同，加强了地方对领土资源的控制，并利用了当地知识和网络，它还可以解决地方经济发展问题（Gubbins，2007年，Hinshelwood，2001年，霍夫曼和High-Pippert，2010年，Kalkbrenner和Roosen，2016年，Rogers等人，2008年）。因此，可再生能源技术和政策措施可以成为促进农村地区福利制度的手段，特别是在经济危机期间，公共福利资源日益减少，当地社区面临进一步贫困的危险。
The aim of this paper is to contribute to study of the relationship between social innovations concerning renewable energy and rural development. The energy transition currently under way can ideally offer new development opportunities for rural areas, with their abundance of renewable energy sources (sun, wind, water) and land availability. As highlighted by Kitchen and Marsden (2009), rural areas are crucial arenas to promote the ‘eco-economy’defined as a local development model with renewable energy as one of its main pillars. This is especially true when decentralized community-based forms of renewable energy production and management are implemented. Indeed, in many countries rural areas are the preferred place for the emergence of so-called Community Renewable Energies (CRE)(Osti, 2013, Kaphengst and Velten, 2014). CRE is an umbrella term used in the literature to denote a variety of innovative experiences of renewable energy development and provision characterized by various degrees of public participation in project development and by the intention to deliver various community benefits (Walker and Devine-Wright, 2008, Rogers et al., 2012). As highlighted by Walker (2008), the form that CRE can take varies from the financial, organizational and legal points of view. It may include green energy cooperatives owning the energy infrastructures, as well as the co-ownership and co-management of green energy projects by local communities, enterprises and local government. Community initiatives may focus on energy production alone or also on provision (Schreuer and Weismeier-Sammer, 2010). Moreover, they may combine renewable energy generation with behavioral initiatives and energy efficiency measures aimed at the local population (Seyfang et al., 2012).Studies on CRE have stressed the multiple environmental and social benefits of decentralized energy developments. In general, CRE have been considered forms of niche-based social innovation with wider significance for the emergence of forms of transition to environmentally more sustainable socio-technical systems (Seyfang and Smith, 2007). Particularly in regard to rural areas, the literature has highlighted that because this kind of eco-social innovation, unlike large business-led initiatives, strengthens the local control of territorial resources and draws on local knowledge and networks, it can also address local economic development issues (Gubbins, 2007, Hinshelwood, 2001, Hoffman and High-Pippert, 2010, Kalkbrenner and Roosen, 2016, Rogers et al., 2008). Consequently, renewable energy technology and policy measures can become means to promote the welfare systems of rural areas especially amid an economic crisis when public welfare resources are increasingly curtailed and local communities are at risk of further impoverishment.