"Mirror, Mirror On the Wall:" Self-Legitimation by International Organizations
"Mirror, Mirror On the Wall:" Self-Legitimation by International Organizations
复制标题
“镜子，墙上的镜子：”国际组织的自我合法化
DOI：
10.1093/isq/sqz089
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Von Billerbeck S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Von Billerbeck S
大多数关于国际组织合法性和正当性的分析都集中在外部受众的看法上。在这样做时，他们没有考虑到自我合法化，即组织内部进行合法化，作为发展和加强其身份的一种方式。此外，大多数关于IO合法性的研究都忽视了这样一个事实，即IO身份很少是统一的，而是多重的和相互冲突的。我通过考察三个国际组织——联合国（UN）、北大西洋公约组织（NATO）和世界银行——的自我正当性来解决这些遗漏。这些组织既是业务行为体，也是规范行为体，既依赖于成员国，又具有独立专业知识和能力的自治机构。这些身份有时规定相互矛盾的目标和做法，迫使组织违反被认为适合其身份之一的原则和活动，从而使合法化复杂化。基于广泛的田野调查和借鉴一系列学科，本文提出了一种新的IO自我合法化理论：我认为自我合法化的需要取决于组织的身份凝聚力和身份等级的程度。我确定了自我合法化的两个时间维度，自我合法化实践的三个类别，以及自我合法化的三个更广泛的影响，最终表明自我合法化是IOs的必要和构成活动。
Most analyses of legitimacy and legitimation in international organizations (IOs) focus on the perceptions of external audiences. In so doing, they fail to consider self-legitimation, where an IO undertakes legitimation internally, as a way of developing and reinforcing its identity. Moreover, most studies of IO legitimacy neglect the fact that IO identities are rarely uniform and instead are multiple and conflicting. I address these omissions by examining self-legitimation in three IOs—the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the World Bank. These organizations are both operational and normative actors, and both institutions dependent on member states and autonomous bodies with independent expertise and capacities. These identities sometimes dictate contradictory goals and practices, forcing the organizations to violate the principles and activities considered appropriate to one of their identities, thus complicating legitimation. Based on extensive fieldwork and drawing on a range of disciplines, this article proposes a novel theory of IO self-legitimation: I argue that the need for self-legitimation depends on the degree of identity cohesion and identity hierarchy of the organization. I identify two temporal dimensions of self-legitimation, three categories of self-legitimation practices, and three broader repercussions of self-legitimation, ultimately showing that self-legitimation is a necessary and constitutive activity for IOs.