Patterns of Emergency Room Visits for Respiratory Diseases in New York State in Relation to Air Pollution, Poverty and Smoking.
Patterns of Emergency Room Visits for Respiratory Diseases in New York State in Relation to Air Pollution, Poverty and Smoking.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph20043267
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发表时间：
2023-02-13
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Carpenter, David O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Madani, Najm Alsadat;Carpenter, David O
我们探讨了纽约州各县呼吸系统疾病急诊室（ER）就诊率与空气污染、贫困和吸烟水平之间的差异。空气污染信息来自国家排放清单，该清单提供了12种不同空气污染物的道路、非道路、点和非点来源的信息。这一信息仅在县一级提供。四种类型的呼吸系统疾病被考虑：哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、急性下呼吸道疾病和急性上呼吸道疾病。在总空气污染更严重的县，哮喘病急诊就诊人数增加。在贫困率较高的县，所有形式的呼吸系统疾病都有所增加，尽管这可能反映了穷人经常使用急诊室进行常规护理的事实。慢性阻塞性肺病的吸烟率和急性下呼吸道疾病之间有很强的联系。吸烟和哮喘病就诊之间存在明显的负相关，但这一定反映了这样一个事实，即吸烟在州北部县更为常见，而哮喘在空气污染严重的纽约市地区更为常见。城市的空气污染比农村严重得多。我们的证据表明，空气污染是哮喘发作的最大危险因素，而吸烟是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和下呼吸道疾病的最大危险因素。穷人更容易感染各种呼吸系统疾病。
We have explored differences in rates of emergency room (ER) visits for respiratory diseases in the counties of New York State (NYS) in relation to levels of air pollution, poverty, and smoking. Air pollution information was derived from the National Emissions Inventory, which provides information on road, non-road, point, and non-point sources of 12 different air pollutants. This information is only available at the county level. Four types of respiratory diseases were considered: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lower respiratory diseases, and acute upper respiratory diseases. Asthma ER visits were elevated in counties with greater total air pollution. All forms of respiratory diseases were elevated in counties with a greater rate of poverty, although this may reflect the fact that poor people often use ERs for routine care. There was a very strong association between rates of smoking for COPD and acute lower respiratory diseases. There was an apparent negative association between smoking and asthma ER visits, but this must reflect the fact that smoking was much more common in upstate counties while asthma was more common in the New York City area, where air pollution is high. Air pollution was much greater in urban than in rural areas. Our evidence indicates that air pollution is the greatest risk factor for asthma attacks, whereas smoking is the greatest risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lower respiratory disease. Poor people are more vulnerable to all forms of respiratory diseases.