Military Service Member and Veteran Reintegration: A Conceptual Analysis, Unified Definition, and Key Domains
Military Service Member and Veteran Reintegration: A Conceptual Analysis, Unified Definition, and Key Domains
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00369
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发表时间：
2017-03-14
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Blevins, Cara L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elnitsky, Christine A.;Fisher, Michael P.;Blevins, Cara L.
退伍军人和退伍军人 (MSMV) 在从军队重新融入社区时可能会遇到各种与压力相关的疾病和挑战。促进 MSMV 重新融入、过渡、重新调整和应对以及社区融合是社会优先事项。迄今为止，针对 MSMV 重返社会的研究尚未确定该术语的全面定义，也没有定义重返社会过程发生的更广泛背景，尽管两者都是促进重返社会有效和可靠衡量并澄清相关挑战、过程及其对结果的影响所必需的。因此，这种基于原则的概念分析旨在回顾现有的经验性重返社会测量工具，并找出MSMV重返社会的问题和需求，以提供统一的重返社会定义，以指导未来的研究、临床实践和相关服务。我们通过搜索多个电子数据库，确定了 1990 年至 2015 年间发表的健康和社会科学文献中的 1,459 篇文章。根据我们的纳入/排除标准筛选摘要和全文审查，产生 117 篇文章进行审查。两名研究人员使用不断的概念比较来独立评估相关文章。我们研究了“重返社会”一词和相关术语（即过渡、重新调整、社区融合），确定了其随时间推移的使用趋势，分析了八种重返社会调查工具，并综合了现役军人和退伍军人自我报告的重返社会挑战和需求。过去 5 年发表的重返社会研究 (n = 373) 比过去 10 年的总和 (n = 130) 还要多。研究表明，应对生活压力对于现役军人和退伍军人部署后重返社会起着不可或缺的作用。重返社会的关键领域包括可能促进或挑战成功重返社会的个人、人际、社区组织和社会因素，结果表明，成功应对生活压力因素在部署后重返社会中发挥着不可或缺的作用。总体而言，文献并未提供 MSMV 重新融入的全面描述。尽管之前的研究描述了现役军人和退伍军人重返社会面临的挑战，但这一概念分析提供了该现象的统一定义，并确定了重返社会的关键领域，这可能会拓宽我们的理解并指导重返社会研究和实践。
Returning military service members and veterans (MSMVs) may experience a variety of stress-related disorders and challenges when reintegrating from the military to the community. Facilitating the reintegration, transition, readjustment and coping, and community integration, of MSMVs is a societal priority. To date, research addressing MSMV reintegration has not identified a comprehensive definition of the term or defined the broader context within which the process of reintegration occurs although both are needed to promote valid and reliable measurement of reintegration and clarify related challenges, processes, and their impact on outcomes. Therefore, this principle-based concept analysis sought to review existing empirical reintegration measurement instruments and identify the problems and needs of MSMV reintegration to provide a unified definition of reintegration to guide future research, clinical practice, and related services. We identified 1,459 articles in the health and social sciences literature, published between 1990 and 2015, by searching multiple electronic databases. Screening of abstracts and full text reviewbased on our inclusion/exclusion criteria, yielded 117 articles for review. Two investigators used constant conceptual comparison to evaluate relevant articles independently. We examined the term reintegration and related terms (i.e., transition, readjustment, community integration) identifying trends in their use over time, analyzed the eight reintegration survey instruments, and synthesized service member and veteran self-reported challenges and needs for reintegration. More reintegration research was published during the last 5 years (n = 373) than in the previous 10 years combined (n = 130). The research suggests coping with life stresses plays an integral role in military service member and veteran post-deployment reintegration. Key domains of reintegration include individual, interpersonal, community organizations, and societal factors that may facilitate or challenge successful reintegration, and results suggest that successful coping with life stressors plays an integral role in post-deployment reintegration. Overall, the literature does not provide a comprehensive representation of reintegration among MSMVs. Although, previous research describes military service member and veteran reintegration challenges, this concept analysis provides a unified definition of the phenomenon and identifies key domains of reintegration that may broaden our understanding and guide reintegration research and practice.