Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Wall and Related Polysaccharides by Enzymes of the GT2 and GT48 Families
Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Wall and Related Polysaccharides by Enzymes of the GT2 and GT48 Families
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GT2 和 GT48 家族酶生物合成植物细胞壁和相关多糖
DOI：
10.1002/9781444391015.ch5
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
G. Fincher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Stone;A. Jacobs;M. Hrmova;R. Burton;G. Fincher
在这一章中，我们概述了我们的理解的生物学功能，遗传学和调控的GT 2和GT 48家族的糖基转移酶的演变。GT 2家族非常大，包括由纤维素合成酶基因超家族编码的酶，以及许多其他具有不同底物特异性的转移酶，这些转移酶分布于从大肠杆菌到人类。另一方面，GT 48家族的已知成员相对较少，其活性仅限于胚状体、真菌和酵母的推定（1，3）-β-D-葡聚糖糖苷酶。审查的重点是一些个别的案例研究，这已被选定的基础上，其生物和经济的重要性，在植物生物学。我们对植物中（1，4）-β-D-葡聚糖（纤维素）糖苷酶和（1，3; 1，4）-β-D-葡聚糖糖苷酶的了解历史将作为GT 2家族的代表进行回顾，而（1，3）-β-D-葡聚糖（或胼胝质）糖苷酶将作为GT 48家族的代表与这些进行比较。已经使用生物化学技术对这些酶进行了广泛的研究，但是它们与膜结合并且不容易纯化。新兴的功能基因组学技术已被用于鉴定编码GT 2家族纤维素酶的基因，而新的蛋白质组学方法已提供氨基酸序列，该序列又被应用于鉴定植物的GT 48（1，3）-β-D-葡聚糖酶。这些酶参与结构相似的多糖的合成，但似乎是独立进化的。
In this chapter we outline the evolution of our understanding of the biological functions, genetics and regulation of enzymes of the GT2 and GT48 families of glycosyl transferases. The GT2 family is very large and includes enzymes encoded by the cellulose synthase gene superfamily, together with many other transferases with diverse substrate specificities that are distributed from the Archaea to humans. On the other hand, there are relatively few known members of the GT48 family, in which activities are limited to putative (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan synthases of embryophytes, fungi and yeasts. The review is focused on a number of individual case studies, which have been chosen on the basis of their biological and economical importance in plant biology. The history of our knowledge of (1,4)‐β‐D‐glucan (cellulose) synthases and (1,3;1,4)‐β‐D‐glucan synthases in plants will be reviewed as representatives of the GT2 family, while the (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan (or callose) synthases will be compared with these, as representatives of the GT48 family. These synthases have been extensively studied using biochemical techniques, but they are associated with membranes and are not easily purified. Emerging functional genomics technologies have been used to identify the genes encoding the cellulose synthases of the GT2 family, while new proteomicsprocedures have provided amino acid sequence that has in turn been applied to the identification of the GT48 (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan synthases of plants. The enzymes are involved in the synthesis of structurally similar polysaccharides, but appear to have evolved independently.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
DEANGELIS, PL;WEIGEL, PH
通讯作者：
WEIGEL, PH
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Jing, W;DeAngelis, PL
通讯作者：
DeAngelis, PL