Water Law, Policy and Economics in Italy: Between National Autonomy and EU Law Constraints
Water Law, Policy and Economics in Italy: Between National Autonomy and EU Law Constraints
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意大利的水法、政策和经济：国家自治与欧盟法律约束之间
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-69075-5
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通讯作者：
A. de Carli (eds.)
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作者：
P. Turrini;A. Massarutto;M. Pertile;A. de Carli (eds.)
欧洲联盟指令通常被称为水框架指令和洪水指令，是欧洲水政策的转折点。在这一章中，我们简要地描述了他们如何影响工作在水资源管理，开发和保护领域的人，并从水体在意大利。我们说明了一般遵守指令的义务所需的工作，谁做了工作，在过去的实施周期中承担了什么责任，以及到2016年为止为这两个指令实际做了什么。其结果是意大利水管理系统的一个画面：一个不仅是由法律，但也由习惯和机构的方式在近代历史上通过不断增长的技术知识，政策的实施和意大利社会的演变相互作用的发展。本章分为以下几节：第16.1节报告了为实现指示的总体目标而必须采取的行动;第16.2节说明了在过去的执行周期中由谁采取了指示要求的行动;第16.3节说明了在过去的执行周期中由谁采取了指示要求的行动。16.3第16.1节和第16.4节描述和讨论了意大利实施指令的情况;第16.5节介绍了科学在实施指令中的作用;最后，第16.6节包含了对整个过程的主要关键方面以及未来实施指令（2021-2027年）将面临的挑战的一些考虑。
The European Union directives commonly known as Water Framework Directive and Flood Directive represent turning points for European water policies. In this chapter, we briefly describe how they affect people working in the fields of water resources management, exploitation and protection of and from water bodies in Italy. We illustrate the work needed to comply with the obligations of the directives generally, who did the work and with what responsibilities in past implementation cycles, and what was actually done for both directives up to 2016. The result is a picture of the Italian water management system: one that is defined not only by laws, but also by habits and the way institutions have developed during recent history through their interplay with growing technical knowledge, the implementation of policies, and the evolution of the Italian society. The chapter is divided as follows: Sect. 16.1 reports what has to be done to accomplish the goals of the directives generally; Sect. 16.2 explains who performed the actions required by the directives in past implementation cycles; Sects. 16.3 and 16.4 describe and discuss the state of Italy’s application of the directives; Sect. 16.5 covers the role of science in the implementation of the directives; and, finally, Sect. 16.6 contains some considerations on the main critical aspects of the whole process and on the challenges the future application of the directives (in the period 2021–2027) is going to face.