Soil erosion and participatory remediation strategy for bench terraces in northern Thailand
Soil erosion and participatory remediation strategy for bench terraces in northern Thailand
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DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2005.11.010
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发表时间：
2006-03
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
J. Sang-Arun;M. Mihara;Y. Horaguchi;E. Yamaji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Sang-Arun;M. Mihara;Y. Horaguchi;E. Yamaji
这项研究是在泰国北部清莱省的Pang Prarachatan村进行的。这个村子里的农民修建梯田，以减少土壤侵蚀，提高植物生产力。然而，裸露的梯田经常发生严重的水土流失。本研究探讨梯田梯田对土壤侵蚀的影响。利用模型坡地和人工降雨系统，研究了利用杂草和植物残渣控制土壤和养分流失的情况。最后，通过村里的研讨会将研究获得的知识传授给农民，并通过问卷调查的方式评估他们对结果的接受程度。土壤侵蚀的严重程度被认为根据梯田的结构和地面覆盖条件的不同而不同。细沟是裸露梯田的主要侵蚀形式。此外，一些细沟发育成沟渠，可以从上层梯田向下延伸到下层梯田。然而，杂草覆盖的梯田上很少有细沟和沟渠。此外，利用模型坡地和人工降雨系统进行的侵蚀试验结果表明，覆盖杂草和植物残体的地块的地表径流、土壤和养分流失量比裸地要少得多。杂草吸收的N、P量分别是土壤侵蚀N、P流失量的4.7倍和2.3倍。2003年8月，通过参与式研讨会向农民公布了实地调查和模型坡度试验的结果。研讨会结束后进行的第一份问卷清楚显示，约90%的农民同意在他们的斜坡上种植杂草和植物残留物，只要不影响土壤肥力和植物生长。然而，2004年1月进行的第二次问卷调查显示，只有29%的农民用杂草和植物残留物覆盖他们农田的梯田或非梯田坡地。因此，应继续定期举行参与性活动，以确保农民更多地接受和实践土壤保持。
This study was carried out in Pang Prarachatan village, which is located in Chiang Rai province of northern Thailand. The farmers in this village construct bench terraces to reduce soil erosion and increase plant productivity. However, severe soil erosion occurs frequently on the bare bench terraces. This study investigates the impact of bench terracing on soil erosion. The use of weeds and plant residues to control soil and nutrient losses were also investigated using model slope plots and an artificial rainfall system. Finally, the knowledge gained from this study was transferred to the farmers through a workshop in the village, and their acceptance of the results was evaluated by means of a questionnaire. The severity of soil erosion is thought to vary according to the structure of the bench terrace and the ground cover conditions. Rills are the primary form of erosion on bare bench terraces. In addition, some rills develop into gullies that can run from the upper terrace down to the lower terrace. Nevertheless, rills and gullies are rarely found on weed-covered terraces. Moreover, the results of an erosion experiment using model slope plots and artificial rainfall systems showed that plots covered with weeds and plant residues had much less surface runoff and soil and nutrient losses than bare soil. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by weeds were 4.7 and 2.3 times smaller than the nitrogen and phosphorus losses due to soil erosion, respectively. The results of the field surveys and model slope experiment were announced to the farmers through participatory workshop in August 2003. The first questionnaire, conducted just after the workshop, clearly showed that around 90% of the farmers agreed to cover their slopes with weeds and plant residues so long as it did not affect soil fertility and plant growth. However, the second questionnaire, conducted in January 2004, showed that only 29% of farmers were covering the bench terraces or non-terraced slopes in their farmlands with weeds and plant residues. Therefore, participatory activities should continue to be held regularly in order to ensure greater acceptance and practice of soil conservation on the part of the farmers.