Identification of an endocytic signal essential for the antiviral action of IFITM3.

Identification of an endocytic signal essential for the antiviral action of IFITM3.
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鉴定 IFITM3 抗病毒作用所必需的内吞信号。

DOI:
10.1111/cmi.12262
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发表时间:
2014-07
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Liang C
Liang C
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jia R;Xu F;Qian J;Yao Y;Miao C;Zheng YM;Liu SL;Guo F;Geng Y;Qiao W;Liang C

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干扰素诱导跨膜(IFITM)蛋白家族的成员抑制多种病毒的进入。病毒通常利用内吞途径侵入宿主细胞并通常响应于低pH从内吞囊泡逃逸。定位于这些内吞囊泡对于IFITM 3干扰pH依赖性病毒的胞质进入是必不可少的。然而,将IFITM 3靶向这些囊泡的分选信号的性质定义不清楚。在这项研究中,我们报告IFITM 3具有YxxΦ分选基序,即20-YEML-23,使IFITM 3能够通过结合AP-2复合物的μ2亚基进行内吞作用。IFITM 3在质膜上积累,这是由于突变20-YEML-23、耗尽μ2亚基或过表达μ2突变体。重要的是,阻断IFITM 3的内吞作用消除了其抑制pH依赖性病毒的能力。因此,我们确定了一个关键的分选信号,即20-YEML-23,它控制IFITM 3的内吞运输和抗病毒作用。这一发现也揭示了作为一种内吞蛋白,IFITM 3在被内吞之前首先到达质膜,并进一步运输到晚期内体,在那里它起到阻止病毒进入的作用。
Members of the interferon‐induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family inhibit the entry of a wide range of viruses. Viruses often exploit the endocytosis pathways to invade host cells and escape from the endocytic vesicles often in response to low pH. Localization to these endocytic vesicles is essential for IFITM3 to interfere with the cytosolic entry of pH‐dependent viruses. However, the nature of the sorting signal that targets IFITM3 to these vesicles is poorly defined. In this study, we report that IFITM3 possesses a YxxΦ sorting motif, i.e. 20‐YEML‐23, that enables IFITM3 to undergo endocytosis through binding to the μ2 subunit of the AP‐2 complex. IFITM3 accumulates at the plasma membrane as a result of either mutating 20‐YEML‐23, depleting the μ2 subunit or overexpressing μ2 mutants. Importantly, blocking endocytosis of IFITM3 abrogates its ability to inhibit pH‐dependent viruses. We have therefore identified a critical sorting signal, namely 20‐YEML‐23, that controls both the endocytic trafficking and the antiviral action of IFITM3. This finding also reveals that as an endocytic protein, IFITM3 first arrives at the plasma membrane before it is endocytosed and further traffics to the late endosomes where it acts to impede virus entry.
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