Social isolation and health, with an emphasis on underlying mechanisms
Social isolation and health, with an emphasis on underlying mechanisms
复制标题
DOI：
10.1353/pbm.2003.0049
复制
发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Hawkley, LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cacioppo, JT;Hawkley, LC
社会孤立是一个强大的，但很少了解的发病率和死亡率的风险因素，其负面影响是最深刻的老年人，穷人和少数民族，一些增长最快的部分美国人口。越来越多的人独自生活，因此更有可能经历社会孤立。我们讨论了四种机制吸引力，健康行为，压力，以及维修和维护，通过这些机制，社会孤立感可能会影响健康。我们的研究表明，无论是吸引力还是健康行为，都不会因社会隔离而有所不同，但压力和维修保养似乎确实是因素。虽然社交孤立的年轻人没有报告更频繁的日常压力源，但他们认为日常事件更有压力。他们也更有可能被动地应对压力源，并表现出更大的血管阻力，这是一种以前与被动应对相关的血压控制机制，也是高血压的危险因素。最后，他们表现出更有效的修复和维持生理功能，包括伤口愈合较慢和睡眠效率较差。这些机制对设计适当的干预措施具有影响。我们提倡一个国家卫生保健计划，促进预防医学，认识到与压力有关的疾病的重要性，并支持在整个生命周期中保持社会联系。
Social isolation is a potent but little understood risk factor for morbidity and mortality, and its negative consequences are most profound among the elderly, the poor, and minorities, some of the fastest growing segments of the U.S. population. A steadily increasing number of people are living alone and are therefore more likely to experience social isolation. We discuss four mechanisms-attractiveness, health behavior, stress, and repair and maintenance-by which perceived social isolation might affect health. Our studies show that neither attractiveness nor health behaviors differ as a function of social isolation, but stress and repair and maintenance do seem to be factors. While socially isolated young adults did not report more frequent everyday stressors, they rated everyday events as more intensely stressful. They were also more likely to report passively coping with stressors, and to show greater vascular resistance, a mechanism of blood pressure control previously associated with passive coping and a risk factor for hypertension. Finally, they exhibited less efficacious repair and maintenance of physiological functioning, including slower wound healing and poorer sleep efficiency. These mechanisms have implications for designing appropriate interventions. We advocate a national health care plan that promotes preventive medicine, recognizes the significance of stress-related disorders, and supports the maintenance of social connections across the life span.