Identification of motivational state in adult male Atlantic walruses inferred from changes in movement and diving behavior
Identification of motivational state in adult male Atlantic walruses inferred from changes in movement and diving behavior
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DOI：
10.1111/mms.12224
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Lydersen, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lowther, Andrew D.;Kovacs, Kit M.;Lydersen, Christian
动物的动机变化很可能可以通过观察到的行为变化来回顾性地检测到。繁殖代表了哺乳动物最强烈的动机状态之一，其时机通常与季节性最佳环境和物理条件有关。虽然某些物种的行为季节性变化可以直接观察到，但对于其他隐秘繁殖或难以进入地区的物种来说，检测行为变化可能只有使用远程收集的数据才可行。在此，我们探索行为变化是否可以用来推断野生、自由和广泛的北极海洋哺乳动物、成年雄性大西洋海象（Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus）的动机状态。利用斯瓦尔巴群岛 23 只成年雄性海象的卫星中继位置和潜水数据，我们确定了冬季浮冰深处离散地理区域的季节性运动。成年雄性海象的潜水行为在地理区域之间经历了明显的季节性变化，与光照状况的变化相一致。在近海越冬地点，成年雄性（n = 4）从夏季的深而长的底栖潜水模式转变为更浅的潜水模式。一些雄性在沿海地区表现出类似的浅层冬季潜水行为（n = 12），这表明斯瓦尔巴群岛海岸附近也可能发生繁殖。然而，解释这些沿海个体的行为变化具有挑战性。推测的冬季近海繁殖地位于已知存在冰间湖的地区，这使得它们成为可预测的资源，即使它们位于冬季浮冰深处。我们证明，远程收集的行为数据可用于识别神秘物种行为的季节性显着变化。
Motivational changes in animals are likely to be detectable retrospectively through observed changes in behavior. Breeding represents one of the strongest motivational states in mammals, and its timing is often tied to a seasonally optimal suite of environmental and physical conditions. While seasonal changes in behavior may be directly observable in some species, for others that breed cryptically or in difficult to access areas, detecting behavioral changes may only be feasible using data collected remotely. Herein, we explore whether behavioral changes can be used to infer motivational state for a wild, free- and wide-ranging high arctic marine mammal, adult male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus). Using satellite-relayed location and dive data from 23 adult male walruses instrumented in the Svalbard Archipelago, we identify seasonal movement to discrete geographic regions deep into winter pack ice. Adult male walrus diving behavior underwent marked seasonal movements between geographical areas that coincided with changes in light regime. At offshore wintering sites adult males (n = 4) shifted from a summer pattern of deep, long benthic dives to much shallower diving. Some males performed similar shallow, winter dive behavior at coastal locations (n = 12) suggesting that breeding might also occur around the coast of Svalbard. However, interpretation of behavioral changes of these coastal individuals was challenging. The presumed breeding sites at the winter off-shore locations were situated in areas where polynyas are known to occur, making them a predictable resource even if they are located deep inside the winter pack-ice. We demonstrate that remotely collected behavioral data can be used to identify seasonally explicit changes in the behavior of cryptic species.