Gaze Patterns to Emotional Faces Throughout the Adult Lifespan
Gaze Patterns to Emotional Faces Throughout the Adult Lifespan
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000571
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Henry, Julie D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grainger, Sarah A.;Henry, Julie D.
先前的研究表明，对情绪化面孔的视觉注意可能存在与年龄相关的差异，这可能导致老年人难以感知情绪化的面部表情。然而.凝视模式的年龄差异的性质和大小是不一致的。因此，研究1使用元分析方法来量化年龄对标准情绪感知任务中凝视面部眼睛和嘴巴的影响。结果显示，与年轻人相比，老年人表现出中等程度的偏见，看眼睛的次数较少（g =-0.66）。以及更多地看嘴的小偏差（g = 0.32）。然而，对于凝视的眼睛。最大的年龄效应在对情绪中性面孔的反应中是明显的，这表明这些视觉偏见反映了更广泛的与年龄有关的面孔处理差异，而不是情绪具体如何处理的差异。与这种可能性相一致的是，凝视模式和情绪感知准确性之间没有任何关联。然后，研究2使用年轻人、中年人和老年人的样本，提供了与年龄相关的凝视模式差异的第一个实证检验。同样，与年轻人相比，老年人看眼睛的次数较少。然而，特别令人感兴趣的是，这些视觉偏差似乎代表了线性下降。与研究1一样。情绪感知准确性和凝视模式之间没有关系。总之，这些发现表明，衰老与对面部刺激的视觉偏见有关，而这些视觉偏见与老年人感知情感表现的能力无关。
Prior research indicates that there may be age-related differences in visual attention to emotional faces, and that this might contribute to older adults' difficulties perceiving emotional facial displays. However. the nature and magnitude of age differences in gaze patterns have been inconsistent. Study 1 therefore used meta-analytic methodology to quantify age effects in gazing to the eyes and mouths of faces in standard emotion perception tasks. The results showed that older adults displayed a moderate bias to look less at the eyes compared to younger adults (g = -.66). and a small bias to look more at the mouth (g = .32). However, for gazing at the eyes. the largest age effects were evident in response to emotionally neutral faces, suggesting that these visual biases reflect broader age-related differences in face processing, and not differences in how emotions specifically are processed. Also consistent with this possibility was the absence of any association between gaze patterns and emotion perception accuracy. Study 2 then provided the first empirical test of age-related differences in gaze patterns using a sample of young, middle-aged, and older adults. Again, older adults looked less at the eyes compared to younger adults. However, of particular interest was the finding that these visual biases appear to represent a linear decline. As with Study 1. no relationships emerged between emotion perception accuracy and gaze patterns. Together, these findings show that aging is associated with visual biases to facial stimuli that are unrelated to older adults' ability to perceive emotional displays.