Developments in Biodosimetry Methods for Triage With a Focus on X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance In Vivo Fingernail Dosimetry.
Developments in Biodosimetry Methods for Triage With a Focus on X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance In Vivo Fingernail Dosimetry.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/hp.0000000000000874
复制
发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Swartz HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swarts SG;Sidabras JW;Grinberg O;Tipikin DS;Kmiec MM;Petryakov SV;Schreiber W;Wood VA;Williams BB;Flood AB;Swartz HM
在放射/核事件中，需要仪器和应用方法来快速准确地估计个体电离辐射剂量。其中一种方法是体内x波段电子顺磁共振（EPR）物理剂量法，直接测量指甲中的辐射诱导信号（RIS）。正在开发的主要组件是关键的仪器功能，例如具有独特几何形状的谐振器，允许大采样量，但将RIS测量限制在钉板上，以及处理钉中的干扰信号和校准RIS测量剂量的方法方法。这里强调的一个谐振器的发展是表面阵列谐振器（SRA），旨在减少由于钉板下面的软组织造成的信号检测损失。几种SRA几何形状，以及稳定指甲放置的人体工程学特征，已经在组织等效指甲模型和健康志愿者的体内指甲测量中进行了测试，在他们的指甲中使用模拟的RIS。这些研究表明，RIS检测灵敏度和定量限接近临床相关范围≤10 Gy。对现有仪器能力的研究表明，通过改进SRA和仪器人机界面的人体工程学特征，可以减少RIS测量的可变性。在剂量学的现场应用中确定分诊决定之前，需要进行更多的研究。这些研究包括扩展的体内指甲研究和相关的离体指甲研究，以提供知情的方法，以适应从甲板光谱测量计算RIS时指甲中潜在的干扰信号，并提供一种基于接受TBI或全皮肤电子治疗的患者量化实验的RIS测量的剂量估计校准方法。
Instrumentation and application methodologies for rapidly and accurately estimating individual ionizing radiation dose are needed for on-site triage in a radiological/nuclear event. One such methodology is an in vivo X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) physically-based dosimetry method to directly measure the radiation-induced signal (RIS) in fingernails. The primary components under development are key instrument features, such as resonators with unique geometries that allow for large sampling volumes but limit RIS measurements to the nail plate, and methodological approaches for addressing interfering signals in the nail and calibration of dose from RIS measurements. One resonator development highlighted here is a Surface Array Resonator (SRA) designed to reduce signal detection losses due to the soft tissues underlying the nail plate. Several SRA geometries, along with ergonomic features to stabilize fingernail placement, have been tested in tissue-equivalent nail models and in vivo nail measurements of healthy volunteers, using simulated RIS in their fingernails. These studies demonstrated RIS detection sensitivities and quantitation limits approaching the clinically relevant range of ≤10 Gy. Studies of the capabilities of the current instrument suggest that a reduction in the variability in RIS measurements can be obtained with refinements to the SRA and ergonomic features of the human interface to the instrument. Additional studies are required before the quantitative limits of the assay can be determined for triage decisions in a field application of dosimetry. These include expanded in vivo nail studies and associated ex vivo nail studies to provide informed approaches to accommodate for a potential interfering native signal in the nails when calculating the RIS from the nail plate spectral measurements, and to provide a method for calibrating dose estimates from the RIS measurements based on quantifying experiments in patients undergoing TBI or total skin electron therapy.