MULTIMODAL CONVERGENT INFORMATION ENHANCES PERCEPTION ACCURACY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT PATTERNS
MULTIMODAL CONVERGENT INFORMATION ENHANCES PERCEPTION ACCURACY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT PATTERNS
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多模态融合信息提升人体运动模式感知准确度
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发表时间：
2001
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通讯作者：
A. Effenberg
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作者：
A. Effenberg
先前的神经生理学和神经生物学研究揭示了中枢神经系统中多感觉整合的不同区域。多模式会聚刺激阵列（视觉/听觉/体感）的行为后果已被观察到不同种类的高等哺乳动物（猫，猴）。多感觉会聚神经元输出直接影响运动行为：根据会聚或发散输入，可以在多感觉神经元中诱导神经活动的广泛增强或抑制，导致不同形式的明显注意和定向行为，如在猫身上所见（Stein/Meredith 1993）。多感觉整合的区域也在人类皮层中被检测到（例如，左侧上级颞沟的异模态皮层），跨模态处理似乎在行为特征上具有相似之处，如Stein（1998）所讨论的，现在由Calcert等人（2000）通过功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）对双峰语音感知过程进行了显示。显然，多感觉整合的机制并不局限于时间空间会聚刺激，行为效应也不局限于刺激位置的确定：它们甚至在时间频谱-动态会聚输入和刺激识别中发挥作用（Calvert 1998）。本研究的目的是确定多感觉整合机制是否甚至可以用于提高人类粗大运动模式在现实世界中的条件下的感知精度。被试被要求在三种情况下判断一个人不同的反向运动跳跃的高度。视觉治疗（VT）是作为一个视频投影的运动员执行跳跃之间的20厘米和45厘米。视听治疗（AVT）包括VT和额外的垂直地面反应力的超声处理，因此整个运动模式实现了视听会聚。听觉处理（AT）相当于单独的超声处理。所有受试者均首次听到连续运动声化。没有给出反馈，治疗顺序是随机的。VT和AT的绝对误差（AE）无显著差异，但听觉条件下的感知准确性较低（AE VT：4.41 cm; AE AT：4.70 cm; p = 0.146）。双峰会聚刺激阵列的感知导致更高的精度：AE AVT降低至3.48 cm，与两种单一模态条件的差异具有统计学显著性（p = .000，两者）。结果表明，额外的会聚听觉信息提高了粗大运动的感知准确性。增强的信息基础应该支持运动学习过程，甚至是运动记忆。
Previous neurophysiological and neurobiological research has revealed different areas of multisensory integration in the CNS. Behavioral consequences of multimodal convergent stimuli arrays (visual/auditory/ somatosensory) have been observed on different kinds of higher mammals (cats, monkeys). Multisensory convergence neurons output directly affects motor behavior: Depending on convergent or divergent input, extensive enhancement or depression in neural activity can be induced in multisensory neurons, resulting in varying forms of overt attentive and orientation behavior, as seen on cats (Stein/Meredith 1993). Areas of multisensory integration had also been detected within the human cortex (e.g. the heteromodal cortex in the left superior temporal sulcus), and crossmodal processing appears to have parallels in behavioral features as discussed by Stein (1998) and now shown with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by Calcert et al. (2000) on bimodal speech perception processes. Obviously, mechanisms of multisensory integration are not limited to temporal spatial convergent stimuli and behavioral effects are not limited to determination of stimulus location: They play a role even on temporal spectral-dynamic convergent input and stimulus identification (Calvert 1998). The aim of this investigation was to determine whether mechanisms of multisensory integration even could be used to enhance perception accuracy of human gross motor patterns under real-world like conditions. Subjects were asked to judge the height of different counter-movement jumps of a person under three conditions. Visual treatment (VT) was implemented as a video-projection of the athlete performing jumps between 20 cm and 45 cm. Audio-visual treatment (AVT) consisted of VT with additional sonification of the vertical ground reaction force, so visual-auditory convergence was achieved for the entire kinematic pattern. Auditory treatment (AT) was equivalent to sonification alone. All subjects heard the continuous movement sonification for the first time. No feedback was given and order of treatments was randomized. Absolute error (AE) of VT and AT showed no significant difference, though perception accuracy was less under auditory condition (AE VT : 4.41 cm; AE AT : 4.70 cm; p = .146). Perception of bimodal convergent stimuli array results in higher precision: AE AVT decreased to 3.48 cm, differences to both single modal conditions were statistically significant (p = .000, both). Results demonstrate that additional convergent auditory information enhances perception accuracy of gross motor movements. An enhanced informational base should support processes of motor learning even as motor memory.