Inequality, living standards, and growth: two centuries of economic development in Mexico †
Inequality, living standards, and growth: two centuries of economic development in Mexico
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不平等、生活水平和增长：墨西哥两个世纪的经济发展†
DOI：
10.31235/osf.io/9ztb7
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Segal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ingrid Bleynat;Amílcar E. Challú;P. Segal
工资和收入的历史数据作为生活水平的规范性衡量标准和经济发展模式的指标，都是有参考价值的。我们发现，在有限的历史数据下，收入中位数最适合衡量福利和不平等，而城市非熟练工人的工资可以用来检验二元发展模型。我们提出了一个新的数据集，包括1800年至2015年墨西哥的两个系列，发现两者在历史上都未能跟上总增长：现在的人均GDP比19世纪高出8倍多，而非熟练的城市真实的工资仅高出2.2倍，中位数收入仅高出2.0倍。从不平等和社会福利的角度来看，我们的研究结果证实，经济增长和大多数人生活水平的提高之间并不存在自动的正相关关系。从发展的角度来看，我们认为，这些发现是一致的二元经济模型纳入刘易斯的劳动力后备军的假设，并解释为什么库兹涅茨的预测下降不平等并没有发生。（Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality）
Historical wage and incomes data are informative both as normative measures of living standards, and as indicators of patterns of economic development. We show that, given limited historical data, median incomes are most appropriate for measuring welfare and inequality, while urban unskilled wages can be used to test dualist models of development. We present a new dataset including both series in Mexico from 1800 to 2015 and find that both have historically failed to keep up with aggregate growth: per worker GDP is now over eight times higher than in the nineteenth century, while unskilled urban real wages are only 2.2 times higher, and median incomes only 2.0 times. From the perspective of inequality and social welfare, our findings confirm that there is no automatic positive relationship between economic growth and rising living standards for the majority. From the perspective of development, we argue that these findings are consistent with a dual economy model incorporating Lewis’s assumption of a reserve army of labour, and explain why Kuznets’s predicted decline in inequality has not occurred. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
哈佛大学（美国）
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