Analysis of camelid IgG for antivenom development: Serological responses of venom-immunised camels to prepare either monospecific or polyspecific antivenoms for West Africa
Analysis of camelid IgG for antivenom development: Serological responses of venom-immunised camels to prepare either monospecific or polyspecific antivenoms for West Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.03.025
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Harrison, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cook, Darren A. N.;Owen, Timothy;Harrison, Robert A.
毒蛇咬伤是撒哈拉以南非洲死亡和发病的一个重要原因。唯一有效的治疗方法，抗蛇毒血清，自20世纪90年代以来一直短缺。虽然一些抗蛇毒血清生产商的人道主义反应大大改善了这种情况，但仍有必要制定战略，确保抗蛇毒血清供应的长期稳定性。我们正在调查是否可以利用骆驼IgG抗蛇毒血清的潜在安全性和后勤优势，以改善蛇咬伤流行的许多国家的抗蛇毒血清供应。这项研究评估了免疫骆驼的IgG滴度，特异性和亲合力，无论是单一的毒液或毒液的混合物，从三个最重要的医学西非蛇，锯鳞毒蛇（Echis ocellatus），鼓腹蝰蛇（Bitis arietans）和吐口水眼镜蛇八只免疫骆驼中的七只产生的IgG滴度和亲和力相当于或超过，商业马和羊抗蛇毒血清对中毒患者非常有效。在这方面，第一个骆驼IgG抗蛇毒血清的潜在效用的一系列报告，我们描述了一种免疫方案，诱导强有力的，持续的血清学反应非常高的抗体亲和力。这些属性表明，从免疫学的角度来看，骆驼IgG抗蛇毒血清应与目前的马和羊抗蛇毒血清一样有效。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Snake envenoming is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. The only effective treatment, antivenom, has been in short supply since the 1990s. Whilst the humanitarian response by some antivenom producers has significantly improved the situation, strategies to ensure the long term stability of antivenom supply are still necessary. We are investigating whether the potential safety and logistic advantages of camel IgG antivenom can be exploited to improve antivenom provision in many countries where snakebite is endemic. This study assessed the IgG titre, specificity and avidity of camels immunised with either individual venom or a mixture of venoms from the three most medically important snakes of West Africa, the saw-scale viper (Echis ocellatus), the puff adder (Bitis arietans) and the spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis).Seven of the eight immunised camels generated IgG titres and avidities comparable to, or exceeding, that of commercial equine and ovine antivenoms that are highly effective in envenomed patients. In this, the first of a series of reports on the potential utility of camelid IgG antivenom, we describe an immunisation protocol that induced potent, sustained serological response of very high antibody avidity. These attributes suggest, from an immunological perspective, that camel IgG antivenoms should be as efficacious as current equine and ovine antivenoms. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.