Planetary protection and the search for life beneath the surface of Mars
Planetary protection and the search for life beneath the surface of Mars
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DOI：
10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00663-4
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mancinelli, RL
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文献类型：
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作者：
Mancinelli, RL
对火星上灭绝和现存生命痕迹的搜索将扩展到该行星表面之下。来自火星任务的最新数据表明，在火星历史早期就存在液态水，并且对火星上水的命运进行了数学建模，这意味着液态水可能存在于火星表面深处。这导致了一种假设，即火星表面深处可能存在生命。在火星上寻找生命的一个可能方案是一系列无人任务，最终载人任务深入火星地下(类似于3公里)，收集样本，并进行初步分析，以选择返回地球的样本。这项任务必须解决向前和向后污染问题，属于第五类行星保护。要解决的行星保护问题包括规定，人类不可避免的地球微生物沉积应尽量减少和定位，地球微生物和有机物质不得污染火星地下。这要求钻井设备在使用前进行消毒。此外，样本的收集、封存和取回必须使机组人员受到保护，任何返回地球的材料都受到控制(即，物理和生物上隔离)，与火星的联系链条被打破(C)2002年空间研委会。爱思唯尔科学有限公司出版。版权所有。
The search for traces of extinct and extant life on Mars will be extended to beneath the surface of the planet. Current data from Mars missions suggesting the presence of liquid water early in Mars' history and mathematical modeling of the fate of water on Mars imply that liquid water may exist deep beneath the surface of Mars. This leads to the hypothesis that life may exist deep beneath the Martian surface. One possible scenario to look for life on Mars involves a series of unmanned missions culminating with a manned mission drilling deep into the Martian subsurface (similar to3Km), collecting samples, and conducting preliminary analyses to select samples for return to earth. This mission must address both forward and back contamination issues, and falls under planetary protection category V. Planetary protection issues to be addressed include provisions stating that the inevitable deposition of earth microbes by humans should be minimized and localized, and that earth microbes and organic material must not contaminate the Martian subsurface. This requires that the drilling equipment be sterilized prior to use. Further, the collection, containment and retrieval of the sample must be conducted such that the crew is protected and that any materials returning to earth are contained (i.e., physically and biologically isolated) and the chain of connection with Mars is broken (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.