Jump kinetic determinants of sprint acceleration performance from starting blocks in male sprinters.
Jump kinetic determinants of sprint acceleration performance from starting blocks in male sprinters.
复制标题
男性短跑运动员起跑加速性能的跳跃动力学决定因素。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
J. Keogh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Maulder;E. Bradshaw;J. Keogh
摘要本研究旨在探讨短跑运动员在起跑后加速表现的跳跃动力学决定因素。10只雄性（平均值± SD：年龄20 ± 3岁;身高1.82 ± 0.06 m;体重76.7 ± 7.9 kg; 100 m个人最好成绩：10.87 ± 0.36 s {10.37 - 11.42}），全国和地区田径比赛水平的短跑运动员从拦网开始进行10 m短跑。人体测量尺寸沿着与蹲跳（SJ），反向运动跳（CMJ），连续直腿跳（SLJ），单腿跳距离，单腿三跳距离的力量措施进行了测试。逐步多元回归分析确定CMJ平均功率（W/kg）是10 m短跑从起跑起的预测因子（r = 0.79，r（2）= 0.63，p<0.01，SEE = 0.04（s），%SEE = 2.0）。Pearson相关分析显示CMJ力和功率（r = -0.70至-0.79; p = 0.011 - 0.035）和SJ功率（r = -0.72至-0.73; p = 0.026 - 0.028）生成能力与短跑成绩密切相关。进一步的线性回归分析预测，CMJ平均和峰值起飞功率增加1 W/kg（分别为3%和1.5%），导致10 m短跑成绩下降0.01 s（0.5%）。此外，SJ平均和峰值起飞功率增加1 W/kg（分别为3.5%和1.5%），预计将导致10米短跑时间减少0.01 s（0.5%）。这项研究的结果似乎表明，在CMJ和同心圆期间的弹性产生功率的能力SJ是预测从块开始超过10米的短跑性能的良好指标。结论：反向跳时髋、膝伸肌群的相对爆发力可以预测10 m起跑的成绩，而男子短跑运动员蹲跳时的相对力量输出可以预测10 m起跑的成绩。
The purpose of this research was to identify the jump kinetic determinants of sprint acceleration performance from a block start. Ten male (mean ± SD: age 20 ± 3 years; height 1.82 ± 0.06 m; weight 76.7 ± 7.9 kg; 100 m personal best: 10.87 + 0.36 s {10.37 - 11.42}) track sprinters at a national and regional competitive level performed 10 m sprints from a block start. Anthropometric dimensions along with squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), continuous straight legged jump (SLJ), single leg hop for distance, and single leg triple hop for distance measures of power were also tested. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified CMJ average power (W/kg) as a predictor of 10 m sprint performance from a block start (r = 0.79, r(2) = 0.63, p<0.01, SEE = 0.04 (s), %SEE = 2.0). Pearson correlation analysis revealed CMJ force and power (r = -0.70 to -0.79; p = 0.011 - 0.035) and SJ power (r = -0.72 to -0.73; p = 0.026 - 0.028) generating capabilities to be strongly related to sprint performance. Further linear regression analysis predicted an increase in CMJ average and peak take-off power of 1 W/kg (3% & 1.5% respectively) to both result in a decrease of 0.01 s (0.5%) in 10 m sprint performance. Further, an increase in SJ average and peak take-off power of 1 W/kg (3.5% & 1.5% respectively) was predicted to result in a 0.01 s (0.5%) reduction in 10 m sprint time. The results of this study seem to suggest that the ability to generate power both elastically during a CMJ and concentrically during a SJ to be good indicators of predicting sprint performance over 10 m from a block start. Key PointsThe relative explosive ability of the hip and knee extensors during a countermovement jump can predict 10 m sprint performance from a block start.The relative power outputs of male competitive sprinters during a squat jump can predict 10 m sprint performance from a block start.