From Perception to Conception: How Meaningful Objects Are Processed over Time
From Perception to Conception: How Meaningful Objects Are Processed over Time
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhs002
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tyler, Lorraine K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, Alex;Taylor, Kirsten I.;Tyler, Lorraine K.
为了识别视觉对象，我们的感官知觉通过动态神经相互作用转化为对世界的有意义的表征，但视觉输入究竟如何调用对象意义仍然不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们应用回归方法脑磁图数据，建模感知和概念变量。关键的概念性测量来自于声称共享特征的基于语义特征的模型（例如，有眼睛）提供广泛的类别信息，而区别性特征（例如，具有隆起）对于更具体的对象识别是额外需要的。我们的研究结果表明，在视觉皮层的初始感知效果，随后迅速在第一个120毫秒内整个腹侧颞叶皮层的语义特征的影响。此外，这些早期的语义效果反映了共享的语义特征信息，支持粗糙的类别类型的区别。后200毫秒，我们观察到的效果沿着腹侧颞叶皮层的范围共享和独特的功能，这两者一起允许概念分化和对象识别。通过将时空神经活动与基于统计特征的语义知识测量相关联，我们证明了随着时间的推移，从视觉对象中提取出不同种类的感知和语义信息，快速激活共享的对象特征，然后伴随激活共同实现有意义的视觉对象识别的独特特征。
To recognize visual objects, our sensory perceptions are transformed through dynamic neural interactions into meaningful representations of the world but exactly how visual inputs invoke object meaning remains unclear. To address this issue, we apply a regression approach to magnetoencephalography data, modeling perceptual and conceptual variables. Key conceptual measures were derived from semantic feature-based models claiming shared features (e.g., has eyes) provide broad category information, while distinctive features (e.g., has a hump) are additionally required for more specific object identification. Our results show initial perceptual effects in visual cortex that are rapidly followed by semantic feature effects throughout ventral temporal cortex within the first 120 ms. Moreover, these early semantic effects reflect shared semantic feature information supporting coarse category-type distinctions. Post-200 ms, we observed the effects along the extent of ventral temporal cortex for both shared and distinctive features, which together allow for conceptual differentiation and object identification. By relating spatiotemporal neural activity to statistical feature-based measures of semantic knowledge, we demonstrate that qualitatively different kinds of perceptual and semantic information are extracted from visual objects over time, with rapid activation of shared object features followed by concomitant activation of distinctive features that together enable meaningful visual object recognition.