Licensing Inheritance: an integrated theory of neutralisation
Licensing Inheritance: an integrated theory of neutralisation
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许可继承：中和的综合理论
DOI：
10.1017/s0952675798003479
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
John Harris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
John Harris
如果我们比较任何一种语言中不同语音语境的对比潜力，通常不需要很长时间就能确定分配的战利品是不均匀分配的。每个上下文通常显示其自己的对立面子系统，其可能大于或小于与其他上下文相关联的那些对立面(参见特瓦德尔1935年)。传统的术语中和描述了一个有缺陷的子系统和一个在分布上更好的子系统之间的关系。正如特鲁贝茨科伊(Trubetzkoy)最先指出的那样(1939：209)，一个职位未能维持特定的对比可能会以两种方式之一表现出来。在同化中和的情况下，位置相对于相关对比的语音解释由相邻位置的旋律内容决定。这种类型的模式在元音和声中很明显，其中协调元音的质量完全或部分取决于域内主导元音的质量。这也可以在辅音对比的同化中止中看到。例如，在由全部或部分双字组成的尾音起始间歇中，一个位置的语音解释完全或部分依赖于另一个位置的语音解释。另一方面，还原中和指的是一种情况，在这种情况下，对一个位置的旋律内容的限制独立于相邻位置的对比。例如，在元音系统中，很常见的是，对立词的最大库存仅限于韵律上突出的核团，而不同形状和大小的缩小的子系统则出现在薄弱的位置。在其最极端的形式-晕厥中，这会导致核位置被破坏，所有的旋律内容。在非核心位置的情况下，对比势可以被音调顺序限制和辅音拆分过程所限制，这些过程抵消了方式(如发声和螺旋化)或地点(如去骨化)的差异。
If we compare the contrastive potential of different phonological contexts in any language, it usually does not take long to establish that the distributional spoils are unevenly divided. Each context typically displays its own subsystem of oppositions which may be bigger or smaller than those associated with other contexts (cf. Twaddell 1935). The traditional term NEUTRALISATION describes the relation between a defective subsystem and one that is distributionally better endowed. The failure of a position to sustain a particular contrast can manifest itself in one of two ways, as Trubetzkoy was among the first to point out (1939: 209ff). Under ASSIMILATIVE NEUTRALISATION, the phonetic interpretation of the position with respect to the relevant contrast is determined by the melodic content of an adjacent position. This type of pattern is evident in vowel harmony, where the quality of a harmonising vowel is wholly or partially dependent on that of the dominant vowel within the domain. It is also to be seen in the assimilative suspension of consonantal contrasts. For example, in coda–onset interludes consisting of full or partial geminates, the phonetic interpretation of one position is wholly or partially dependent on that of the other. REDUCTIVE NEUTRALISATION, on the other hand, refers to a situation in which restrictions on the melodic content of a position operate independently of contrasts in neighbouring positions. In vowel systems, for example, it is quite usual to find that the maximal inventory of oppositions is restricted to prosodically prominent nuclei, while shrunken subsystems of various shapes and sizes show up in weak positions. In its most extreme form, syncope, this results in a nuclear position being gutted of all melodic content. In the case of non-nuclear positions, contrastive potential can be curtailed by sonority sequencing constraints and by consonantal lenition processes which neutralise distinctions of manner (as in vocalisation and spirantisation) or place (as in debuccalisation).
J.生物化学.97-2。
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