Xylan degradation, a metabolic property shared by rumen and human colonic Bacteroidetes.
Xylan degradation, a metabolic property shared by rumen and human colonic Bacteroidetes.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07473.x
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发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Cann IK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodd D;Mackie RI;Cann IK
牛瘤胃的微生物居民通过发酵木质纤维素植物多糖并释放短链脂肪酸来满足动物的大部分正常热量需求，所述短链脂肪酸然后被宿主代谢。这一过程也发生在人体结肠内，尽管发酵产物对宿主的总体能量需求贡献较小。然而，越来越多的证据表明，远端肠道微生物群的群落结构是影响免疫系统炎症潜力的关键因素，从而影响炎症性肠病的进展。来源于植物材料的不可消化膳食纤维高度富集木质纤维素多糖、纤维素和木聚糖。拟杆菌属的成员构成人类结肠微生物组和瘤胃微生物生态系统中的优势门。在目前的文章中，我们回顾了最近的见解，木聚糖降解的分子机制瘤胃和人类的拟杆菌门的成员，并将这些信息的背景下，发生在这些复杂的微生物环境中的生理和代谢过程。
Microbial inhabitants of the bovine rumen fulfil the majority of the normal caloric requirements of the animal by fermenting lignocellulosic plant polysaccharides and releasing short chain fatty acids that are then metabolized by the host. This process also occurs within the human colon, although the fermentation products contribute less to the overall energy requirements of the host. Mounting evidence, however, indicates that the community structure of the distal gut microbiota is a critical factor that influences the inflammatory potential of the immune system thereby impacting the progression of inflammatory bowel diseases. Non-digestible dietary fibre derived from plant material is highly enriched in the lignocellulosic polysaccharides, cellulose and xylan. Members of the Bacteroidetes constitute a dominant phylum in both the human colonic microbiome and the rumen microbial ecosystem. In the current article, we review recent insights into the molecular mechanisms for xylan degradation by rumen and human commensal members of the Bacteroidetes phylum, and place this information in the context of the physiological and metabolic processes that occur within these complex microbial environments.