Dynamic Adaptation to History of Trial Difficulty Explains the Effect of Congruency Proportion on Masked Priming
Dynamic Adaptation to History of Trial Difficulty Explains the Effect of Congruency Proportion on Masked Priming
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024230
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Forster, Kenneth I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinoshita, Sachiko;Mozer, Michael C.;Forster, Kenneth I.
在反应时间研究中，人们越来越认识到反应启动过程对最近的经验特别是先前试验的难度很敏感。从这个角度来看，作者对掩蔽启动的令人困惑的特性提出了一个解释：尽管素数不是有意识地识别的，但相对于包含相反混合的块，在包含高比例相关素数和低比例不相关素数的块中，相关素数对目标处理的促进作用被放大（Bodner＆Masson，2001）。在本研究中，通过奇偶（偶/奇）决策任务来探索这种现象，其中质数（例如，2）位于可以是全等（例如，4）或不一致（例如，3）的目标之前。结果表明，同余比例与掩码素数的影响不能用块素数目标偶然性来解释。具体来说，对于掩码素数，在包含高比例的不一致素数的块中不存在同余缺点，但是当该块包含相等比例的同余素数和不一致素数时存在同余优点。在定性对比中，可见素数对块状素数目标偶发事件很敏感。作者根据模型解释了掩蔽素数发现的相关性比例效应，根据该模型，响应启动过程适应环境的统计结构，特别是最近试验的难度。使用线性混合效应模型对单个试验进行的分析支持了这一说法。
In reaction time research, there has been an increasing appreciation that response-initiation processes are sensitive to recent experience and, in particular, the difficulty of previous trials. From this perspective, the authors propose an explanation for a perplexing property of masked priming: Although primes are not consciously identified, facilitation of target processing by a related prime is magnified in a block containing a high proportion of related primes and a low proportion of unrelated primes relative to a block containing the opposite mix (Bodner & Masson, 2001). In the present study, this phenomenon is explored with a parity (even/odd) decision task in which a prime (e. g., 2) precedes a target that can be either congruent (e. g., 4) or incongruent (e. g., 3). It is shown that the effect of congruence proportion with masked primes cannot be explained in terms of the blockwise prime-target contingency. Specifically, with masked primes, there is no congruency disadvantage in a block containing a high proportion of incongruent primes, but there is a congruency advantage when the block contains an equal proportion of congruent and incongruent primes. In qualitative contrast, visible primes are sensitive to the blockwise prime-target contingency. The authors explain the relatedness proportion effect found with masked primes in terms of a model according to which response-initiation processes adapt to the statistical structure of the environment, specifically the difficulty of recent trials. This account is supported with an analysis at the level of individual trials using the linear mixed effects model.