Water splitting with silicon p–i–n superlattices suspended in solution

Water splitting with silicon p–i–n superlattices suspended in solution
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悬浮在溶液中的硅p-i-n超晶格的水分解

DOI:
10.1038/s41586-022-05549-5
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Kim, Seokhyoung
Kim, Seokhyoung
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Teitsworth, Taylor S.;Hill, David J.;Litvin, Samantha R.;Ritchie, Earl T.;Park, Jin-Sung;Custer, James P.;Taggart, Aaron D.;Bottum, Samuel R.;Morley, Sarah E.;Kim, Seokhyoung

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光电化学水分解制氢技术在50年前被首次报道,但人工光合作用尚未成为一种广泛应用的技术。虽然平面硅太阳能电池已经成为一种无处不在的电能来源,在经济上与化石燃料竞争,但类似的PEC装置尚未实现,标准的硅p型/n型(p-n)结不能用于水分解,因为带隙阻碍了所需光电压的产生。另一种范例是粒子悬浮反应器(PSR),它放弃了刚性设计,支持悬浮在溶液中的单个PEC粒子,与平面系统相比,这是一种潜在的低成本选择。在这里,我们报告了通过合成高光电电压多结硅纳米线(SiNWs)来催化分解水的硅基PSRs。通过在单个SiNWs内编码p型-本征- n型(p-i-n)超晶格,在1个太阳光照下观察到超过10 V的可调谐光伏。空间选择性光电沉积的析氧和析氢共催化剂使水在高达约1,050 nm的红外波长下分解,其产氢效率和光谱依赖性取决于亚波长直径sinw的光子特性。虽然初始能量转换效率很低,但多结sinw为PSR设计带来了可调谐的光子优势,中尺度几何结构和si的材料优势(包括小带隙和规模经济),为水分解反应堆提供了一种新的方法。
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel was first reported 50 years ago, yet artificial photosynthesis has not become a widespread technology. Although planar Si solar cells have become a ubiquitous electrical energy source economically competitive with fossil fuels, analogous PEC devices have not been realized, and standard Si p-type/n-type (p–n) junctions cannot be used for water splitting because the bandgap precludes the generation of the needed photovoltage. An alternative paradigm, the particle suspension reactor (PSR), forgoes the rigid design in favour of individual PEC particles suspended in solution, a potentially low-cost option compared with planar systems,. Here we report Si-based PSRs by synthesizing high-photovoltage multijunction Si nanowires (SiNWs) that are co-functionalized to catalytically split water. By encoding a p-type–intrinsic–n-type (p–i–n) superlattice within single SiNWs, tunable photovoltages exceeding 10 V were observed under 1 sun illumination. Spatioselective photoelectrodeposition of oxygen and hydrogen evolution co-catalysts enabled water splitting at infrared wavelengths up to approximately 1,050 nm, with the efficiency and spectral dependence of hydrogen generation dictated by the photonic characteristics of the sub-wavelength-diameter SiNWs. Although initial energy conversion efficiencies are low, multijunction SiNWs bring the photonic advantages of a tunable, mesoscale geometry and the material advantages of Si—including the small bandgap and economies of scale—to the PSR design, providing a new approach for water-splitting reactors.
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