Categorizing and Naming MARINE HEATWAVES
Categorizing and Naming MARINE HEATWAVES
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DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2018.205
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Smale, Dan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hobday, Alistair J.;Oliver, Eric C. J.;Smale, Dan A.
人们对了解长期人为气候变化的后果和影响给予了相当大的关注。飓风、洪水和热浪等离散的极端气候事件也会严重影响区域环境和物种，包括人类。预计气候变化将加剧这些事件，从而加剧其影响。极端气候也发生在海洋中，近几十年来已经出现了许多高影响力的海洋热浪（MHWs）-可能持续数月并延伸数千平方公里的令人不安的温水事件。一系列的生物，经济和政治影响已与更强烈的MHW，和测量这些现象的严重性变得更加重要。对这些事件的一致描述将有助于加深理解和提高公众认识。在这里，我们提出了一个详细的分类方案MHW的基础上最近公布的分类，结合元素的计划，描述大气热浪和飓风。第I、II、III和IV类MHW是根据温度超过当地气候的程度定义的，并针对10个MHW进行说明。虽然所有MHW类别的发生频率长期增加，但最大的趋势是发生强（第二类）MHW的海洋区域增加了24%。使用该方案可以帮助解释为什么与不同MHW相关的生物影响可能差异很大，并提供了一种一致的方式来比较事件。我们还提出了一个基于地理和年份的简单命名惯例，这将进一步提高科学和公众对这些海洋事件的认识。
Considerable attention has been directed at understanding the consequences and impacts of long-term anthropogenic climate change. Discrete, climatically extreme events such as cyclones, floods, and heatwaves can also significantly affect regional environments and species, including humans. Climate change is expected to intensify these events and thus exacerbate their effects. Climatic extremes also occur in the ocean, and recent decades have seen many high-impact marine heatwaves (MHWs)-anomalously warm water events that may last many months and extend over thousands of square kilometers. A range of biological, economic, and political impacts have been associated with the more intense MHWs, and measuring the severity of these phenomena is becoming more important. Progress in understanding and public awareness will be facilitated by consistent description of these events. Here, we propose a detailed categorization scheme for MHWs that builds on a recently published classification, combining elements from schemes that describe atmospheric heatwaves and hurricanes. Category I, II, III, and IV MHWs are defined based on the degree to which temperatures exceed the local climatology and illustrated for 10 MHWs. While there is a long-term increase in the occurrence frequency of all MHW categories, the largest trend is a 24% increase in the area of the ocean where strong (Category II) MHWs occur. Use of this scheme can help explain why biological impacts associated with different MHWs can vary widely and provides a consistent way to compare events. We also propose a simple naming convention based on geography and year that would further enhance scientific and public awareness of these marine events.