Impact of the Late Triassic mass extinction on functional diversity and composition of marine ecosystems
Impact of the Late Triassic mass extinction on functional diversity and composition of marine ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1111/pala.12332
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Twitchett, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunhill, Alexander M.;Foster, William J.;Twitchett, Richard J.
大规模灭绝不仅通过物种的死亡，而且通过生态系统功能和结构的变化，深刻地影响了生命史。重要的是，这些事件使我们有机会研究环境压力水平下的生态动力学，而最近没有类似的研究。在此，我们研究了晚三叠世大灭绝事件对全球海洋生态系统功能多样性和功能组成的影响和选择性，并测试了早侏罗世灭绝后群落是否代表了晚三叠世灭绝前群落的政权转变。我们的分析表明，尽管有严重的分类损失，但与灭绝相关的全球功能多样性并没有明确的损失。尽管没有官能团消失，但灭绝事件对某些生命模式具有高度选择性，特别是对无根悬浮食性动物。尽管骨骼严重钙化的分类群比其他分类群更容易灭绝，但轻度钙化的分类群似乎也被淘汰了。这次灭绝似乎激活了与中生代海洋革命相关的已经在进行的动物更替。晚三叠世大灭绝的生态效应主要体现在热带纬度地区，尤其是珊瑚礁，直到中侏罗世珊瑚礁生态系统才完全恢复到灭绝前的水平。
Mass extinctions have profoundly influenced the history of life, not only through the death of species but also through changes in ecosystem function and structure. Importantly, these events allow us the opportunity to study ecological dynamics under levels of environmental stress for which there are no recent analogues. Here, we examine the impact and selectivity of the Late Triassic mass extinction event on the functional diversity and functional composition of the global marine ecosystem, and test whether post-extinction communities in the Early Jurassic represent a regime shift away from pre-extinction communities in the Late Triassic. Our analyses show that, despite severe taxonomic losses, there is no unequivocal loss of global functional diversity associated with the extinction. Even though no functional groups were lost, the extinction event was, however, highly selective against some modes of life, in particular sessile suspension feeders. Although taxa with heavily calcified skeletons suffered higher extinction than other taxa, lightly calcified taxa also appear to have been selected against. The extinction appears to have invigorated the already ongoing faunal turnover associated with the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. The ecological effects of the Late Triassic mass extinction were preferentially felt in the tropical latitudes, especially amongst reefs, and it took until the Middle Jurassic for reef ecosystems to fully recover to pre-extinction levels.