Immune Evasion by Staphylococcus aureus
Immune Evasion by Staphylococcus aureus
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0061-2019
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Van Strijp, Jos A. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Jong, Nienke W. M.;Van Kessel, Kok P. M.;Van Strijp, Jos A. G.
金黄色葡萄球菌已成为严重威胁人类健康的细菌。除了具有更高的抗生素耐药性外，这种细菌还通过避开免疫系统的几乎每一个方面，即所谓的免疫逃避蛋白，成为适应宿主的大师。这些免疫逃避蛋白中的许多都针对中性粒细胞，中性粒细胞是清除金黄色葡萄球菌感染最重要的免疫细胞。中性粒细胞通过一系列策略攻击病原体。因此，金黄色葡萄球菌在几乎所有可以想象到的水平上进化出许多免疫逃避策略也就不足为奇了。本文从中性粒细胞激活、向感染部位迁移、细菌调理、吞噬以及随后的中性粒细胞介导的杀灭等方面对中性粒细胞介导的金黄色葡萄球菌的杀伤作用进行了讨论。在每一节之后，我们讨论金黄色葡萄球菌逃逸分子如何能够抵抗这些不同步骤的中性粒细胞攻击。到目前为止，已知的金黄色葡萄球菌免疫逃避分子约有40个，但由于新的逃避蛋白的发现和已识别的逃避蛋白增加了新的功能，其谱系仍在扩大。有趣的是，由于中性粒细胞攻击的不同部分是多余的，逃避分子也显示出多余的功能。了解金黄色葡萄球菌如何以及使用哪些蛋白质逃避免疫系统，对于了解这种病原体的病理生理学很重要。这一知识对于开发旨在清除葡萄球菌感染的治疗方法至关重要。
Staphylococcus aureus has become a serious threat to human health. In addition to having increased antibiotic resistance, the bacterium is a master at adapting to its host by evading almost every facet of the immune system, the so-called immune evasion proteins. Many of these immune evasion proteins target neutrophils, the most important immune cells in clearing S. aureus infections. The neutrophil attacks pathogens via a plethora of strategies. Therefore, it is no surprise that S. aureus has evolved numerous immune evasion strategies at almost every level imaginable. In this review we discuss step by step the aspects of neutrophil-mediated killing of S. aureus, such as neutrophil activation, migration to the site of infection, bacterial opsonization, phagocytosis, and subsequent neutrophil-mediated killing. After each section we discuss how S. aureus evasion molecules are able to resist the neutrophil attack of these different steps. To date, around 40 immune evasion molecules of S. aureus are known, but its repertoire is still expanding due to the discovery of new evasion proteins and the addition of new functions to already identified evasion proteins. Interestingly, because the different parts of neutrophil attack are redundant, the evasion molecules display redundant functions as well. Knowing how and with which proteins S. aureus is evading the immune system is important in understanding the pathophysiology of this pathogen. This knowledge is crucial for the development of therapeutic approaches that aim to clear staphylococcal infections.