Tuberculosis vaccines: beyond bacille Calmette-Guerin.
Tuberculosis vaccines: beyond bacille Calmette-Guerin.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2011.0097
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发表时间：
2011-10-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McShane H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McShane H
结核病（TB）是由结核分枝杆菌（M.结核病）仍然是全世界死亡和疾病的主要传染原因之一。唯一获得许可的疫苗是卡介苗（BCG），它对肺部疾病的保护作用差异很大。有效的疫苗接种方案将是控制这一流行病的最有效方法。然而，卡介苗确实提供了一致和可靠的保护，防止儿童传播性疾病，大多数正在开发的结核病疫苗战略都包含卡介苗，以保持这种保护。细胞免疫是预防结核病所必需的，所有正在开发的新疫苗都集中在诱导强烈和持久的细胞免疫应答上。在结核病疫苗开发方面有两个主要战略。第一种是用改良的全菌分枝杆菌初免疫苗代替卡介苗，该疫苗可以是重组卡介苗或分枝杆菌减毒株。TB.二是开发亚单位加强疫苗，设计在接种卡介苗后接种，增强卡介苗的保护效力。本文回顾了领先的候选疫苗的发展，并认为在该领域的有效性测试方面目前的挑战。
Tuberculosis (TB) disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) remains one of the leading infectious causes of death and disease throughout the world. The only licensed vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) confers highly variable protection against pulmonary disease. An effective vaccination regimen would be the most efficient way to control the epidemic. However, BCG does confer consistent and reliable protection against disseminated disease in childhood, and most TB vaccine strategies being developed incorporate BCG to retain this protection. Cellular immunity is necessary for protection against TB and all the new vaccines in development are focused on inducing a strong and durable cellular immune response. There are two main strategies being pursued in TB vaccine development. The first is to replace BCG with an improved whole organism mycobacterial priming vaccine, which is either a recombinant BCG or an attenuated strain of M. tb. The second is to develop a subunit boosting vaccine, which is designed to be administered after BCG vaccination, and to enhance the protective efficacy of BCG. This article reviews the leading candidate vaccines in development and considers the current challenges in the field with regard to efficacy testing.
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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