The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) in China mixed in their Wolbachia phylogenetic tree
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) in China mixed in their Wolbachia phylogenetic tree
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中国的二点叶螨 Tetranychus urticae Koch 和胭脂红叶螨 Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) 在沃尔巴克氏体系统发育树中混合
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两种密切相关的二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨是我国的重要害虫，对农作物造成巨大危害。由于种群之间的种内差异，这两种叶螨之间的形态分化非常困难。分子数据表明它们是一个物种的两种形式。我们从不同的角度解决这个问题，并尝试使用沃尔巴克氏体共生体来区分这两种螨虫，这可能显示出与其宿主的共同进化趋势。来自中国的13个二斑叶螨种群均被发现感染沃尔巴克氏体，感染率在2.5%至85%之间。检测的25个朱砂居群中，沉阳、银川、滨州、潍县、闵行、赤壁、高雄等7个居群未感染沃尔巴克氏体，其余18个居群均感染，感染率5%~77.5%。两种螨虫的寄主植物种类与沃尔巴克氏体感染率之间均未发现相关性。 Wolbachia wsp基因序列分析表明，叶螨中有两个Wolbachia分支。在 Con clade 中，来自中国 cinnabarinus（红色）的 3 个 Wolbachia 菌株与来自法国的 2 个 T. urticae（绿色）种群的菌株混合在一起。在奥里进化枝中，可以看到两个子进化枝。在一个分支中，15 种来自 T. cinnabarinus（红色）的 Wolbachia 菌株与 8 种 T. urticae（绿色；6 种来自中国，2 种来自美国和法国）混合。在另一个分支中，来自中国二斑叶螨种群（绿色）的七种沃尔巴克氏体菌株与来自法国红色型和来自法国、澳大利亚和日本的五种绿色型的菌株混合。因此，来自中国的T. urticae和T. cinnabarinus在内共生沃尔巴克氏体的系统发育树上是混杂的。
Two closely-related species Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. cinnabarinus (Boisduval) are important pests in China causing great damage to agricultural crops. Morphological differentiation between these two spider mite species has been very difficult due to intraspecific variation among populations. Molecular data suggest they are two forms of one species. We approach this problem from a different angle, and attempt to differentiate between the two mites using Wolbachia symbionts, which may show co-evolutionary trends with their hosts. All of the 13 populations of T. urticae from China were found to be infected with Wolbachia, with the infection rate ranging from 2.5% to 85%. Among the 25 populations of T. cinnabarinus examined, seven populations (Shenyang, Yinchuan, Binzhou, Wei’xian, Minhang, Chibi and Gaoxiong) were not infected with Wolbachia, and the other 18 populations were infected, at an infection rate from 5% to 77.5%. No correlation was found between species of host plant and Wolbachia infection rate in either mite. Wolbachia wsp gene sequence analysis showed that there are two clades of Wolbachia from the spider mites. In the Con clade, three Wolbachia strains from T. cinnabarinus (red) in China were mixed with those from two T. urticae (green) populations from France. In Ori clade, two sub-clades were visible. In one sub-clade, fifteen Wolbachia strains from T. cinnabarinus (red) were mixed with eight T. urticae (green; six from China and two from USA and France). In another sub-clade, seven Wolbachia strains from Chinese T. urticae populations (green) were mixed with those from one French red form and five green forms from France, Australia and Japan. Therefore, T. urticae and T. cinnabarinus from China are mixed in the phylogenetic tree of their endosymbiont Wolbachia.