Biodegradable Metals for Cardiovascular Stents: from Clinical Concerns to Recent Zn-Alloys.
Biodegradable Metals for Cardiovascular Stents: from Clinical Concerns to Recent Zn-Alloys.
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DOI：
10.1002/adhm.201501019
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Drelich JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowen PK;Shearier ER;Zhao S;Guillory RJ 2nd;Zhao F;Goldman J;Drelich JW
金属支架通常用于促进血管重建，并在球囊血管成形术后维持斑块或受损动脉的通畅性。为了减轻与耐腐蚀支架相关的长期副作用（即慢性炎症和晚期血栓形成），目前正在开发新一代所谓的“生物可吸收”支架。生物可吸收冠状动脉支架在完成血管支架的任务后，会被动脉腐蚀吸收。过去二十年的研究重点是可生物降解的聚合物、铁基和镁基支架材料。金属固有的机械和表面特性使其比聚合物支架材料更具吸引力。不幸的是，铁在动脉壁中产生大量的残留氧化物，而镁及其合金腐蚀得太快。第三类基于锌的金属生物可吸收材料在过去几年中已经引入。如本文所述，这种新型锌基材料证明了可吸收金属支架的潜力，具有最佳支架性能所需的机械和生物降解特性。它们似乎没有限制铁基和镁基合金以及聚合物应用的缺陷。本综述比较了生物可吸收材料，并总结了生物可吸收支架的进展。它强调了目前对锌的生理和生物学益处及其生物相容性的理解。最后，综述了在设计最佳的机械性能和生物降解速率的锌基支架的挑战提供了展望。
Metallic stents are commonly used to promote revascularization and maintain patency of plaqued or damaged arteries following balloon angioplasty. To mitigate the long-term side effects associated with corrosion-resistant stents (i.e. chronic inflammation and late stage thrombosis), a new generation of so-called “bioabsorbable” stents is currently being developed. The bioabsorbable coronary stents will corrode and be absorbed by the artery after completing their task as vascular scaffolding. Research spanning the last two decades has focused on biodegradable polymeric, iron-based, and magnesium-based stent materials. The inherent mechanical and surface properties of metals make them more attractive stent material candidates than their polymeric counterparts. Unfortunately, iron produces a voluminous, retained oxide product in the arterial wall, whereas magnesium and its alloys corrode too rapidly. A third class of metallic bioabsorbable materials that are based on zinc has been introduced in the last few years. As summarized in this contribution, this new zinc-based class of materials demonstrates the potential for an absorbable metallic stent with the mechanical and biodegradation characteristics required for optimal stent performance. They appear to be free of flaws that limit the application of iron- and magnesium-based alloys, and polymers. This review compares bioabsorbable materials and summarizes progress towards bioabsorbable stents. It emphasizes on current understanding of physiological and biological benefits of zinc and its biocompatibility. Finally, the review provides an outlook on challenges in designing zinc-based stents of optimal mechanical properties and biodegradation rate.