PHYLOGENY OF HARD-TICK AND SOFT-TICK TAXA (ACARI, IXODIDA) BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 16S RDNA SEQUENCES
PHYLOGENY OF HARD-TICK AND SOFT-TICK TAXA (ACARI, IXODIDA) BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 16S RDNA SEQUENCES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.21.10034
复制
发表时间：
1994-10-11
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
PIESMAN, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLACK, WC;PIESMAN, J
蜱是寄生螨，是两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物的专性吸血体外寄生虫。蜱科、亚科和属的系统发育已根据形态特征、生活史和宿主关系进行了描述。为了测试现有的同源性，我们从36个硬蜱和软蜱物种的线粒体16 S rRNA基因（rDNA）的3'端测序约460 bp;中气门螨，鸡皮刺螨，被用作外群。系统发育使用距离，最大简约，或最大似然方法是一致的。现有的《宪法》在很大程度上得到了四个例外的支持。在硬蜱（硬蜱科），血蜱亚科成员与原始Amblyomminae和Hyalomminae成员在Rhipicephalinae内分组单系。在软蜱（Argasidae），派生的单系发育不支持的成员之间的单系关系Ornithodorinae和支持的位置Argasinae为基础的硬蜱科，这表明硬蜱可能起源于Argas一样的祖先。由于大多数阿格斯物种是专性鸟类体外寄生虫，这一结果支持了早期的建议，硬蜱没有进化，直到白垩纪晚期。
Ticks are parasitiform mites that are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A phylogeny for tick families, subfamilies, and genera has been described based on morphological characters, life histories, and host associations. To test the existing phylogeny, we sequenced approximate to 460 bp from the 3' end of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) in 36 hard- and soft-tick species; a mesostigmatid mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, was used as an outgroup. Phylogenies derived using distance; maximum-parsimony, or maximum-likelihood methods were congruent. The existing phylogeny was largely supported with four excep tions. In hard ticks (Ixodidae), members of Haemaphysalinae were monophyletic with the primitive Amblyomminae and members of Hyalomminae grouped within the Rhipicephalinae. In soft ticks (Argasidae), the derived phylogeny failed to support a monophyletic relationship among members of Ornithodorinae and supported placement of Argasinae as basal to the Ixodidae, suggesting that hard ticks may have originated from an Argas-like ancestor. Because most Argus species are obligate bird ectoparasites, this result supports earlier suggestions that hard ticks did not evolve until the late Cretaceous.