Spontaneous Heating and Fire in Coal Mines
Spontaneous Heating and Fire in Coal Mines
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DOI：
10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.046
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ran Vijay Kumar Singh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ran Vijay Kumar Singh
煤矿自热和火灾是世界范围内的一个重大问题，一直受到该领域行业和研究人员的高度关注。目前不同煤田发生的火灾大部分是由于煤炭自燃引起的。煤炭的自动氧化最终导致自燃，是造成美国、中国、澳大利亚、印度、德国等煤炭生产大国煤矿灾难的重要根源。这是一个缓慢的过程，产生的热量被空气带走。煤或其他碳质材料的自加热最终导致其点燃的过程被称为“自热”或“自动氧化”。煤在环境温度下可以与空气中的氧气相互作用，释放热量。如果允许热量积累，相互作用速率会增加，最终可能导致火灾 - 称为自燃。由于煤的化学性质尚未完全确定，氧气与煤反应的确切机制尚未完全了解。但大多数研究人员都认为，氧与煤的反应是一种表面现象，通过松散结合的煤-氧-水复合物进行，随后的步骤是将复合物分解为更简单的分子，如CO、CO2和H2O等。最流行的假设是，整个反应通过链式机制进行，水分促进了作为链载体的自由基的形成。由于煤矿火灾，大量有毒气体释放到大气中，破坏了自然界的生态平衡。世界不同地区有多种技术可用于预防和控制自热。在这些技术中，化学抑制剂在控制和扑灭火灾方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文的主要目的是阐述煤矿自热的原因、机理和技术进步，重点是控制和扑灭煤矿火灾的化学抑制剂的开发。
Spontaneous heating and fire in coal mines is a major problem worldwide and has been a great concern both for the industry and researchers in this field. Majority of fires existing today in different coalfields are mainly due to spontaneous combustion of coal. The auto oxidation of coal ultimately leads to spontaneous combustion which is the major root cause for the disastrous of coal mine in leading and coal producing countries like USA, China, Australia, India and Germany. It is a slow process and the heat evolved is carried away by air. This process of self-heating of coal or other carbonaceous material resulting eventually in its ignition is termed as “spontaneous heating” or “auto oxidation”. Coal can interact with oxygen in the air at ambient temperature liberating heat. If the heat is allowed to accumulate the interaction rate increases and may ultimately lead to fires – known as spontaneous fires.The exact mechanism of the reaction of oxygen with coal is not completely understood as the chemical nature of coal is not yet fully established. But most of the workers agree that the reaction of oxygen with coal is a surface phenomenon and proceeds through a loosely bound coal-oxygen-water complex with subsequent steps being breakdown of the complex to simpler molecules such as CO, CO2 and H2O etc. Most popular hypothesis is that the overall reaction proceeds through a chain mechanism with moisture facilitating the formation of free radicals that act as chain carrier. Due to fire in coal mines, hues quantity of noxious gases liberated in the atmosphere which damage the ecological balance of nature. There are various technologies available in different parts of world to prevent and control spontaneous heating. Out of these technologies, chemical inhibitors play a vital role to control and combat fires. The main objective of this paper is to elaborate the causes, mechanism of spontaneous heating and technological advancement mainly development of chemical inhibitors for controlling and combating fire in coal mines.