Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma
Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.285.7.897
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发表时间：
2001-02-21
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Teague, WG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman, MS;Powell, KE;Teague, WG
背景信息 汽车尾气是臭氧和其他空气污染物的主要来源。尽管高地面臭氧污染与哮喘发病率的短暂增加有关，但全市交通变化对空气质量和儿童哮喘的影响尚未研究。 1996 年佐治亚州亚特兰大夏季奥运会期间实施的替代交通策略提供了这样的机会。 目的 描述 1996 年夏季奥运会期间加利福尼亚州亚特兰大市的交通变化以及随之而来的空气质量和儿童哮喘事件的变化。 设计生态研究，将奥运会期间的 17 天（1996 年 7 月 19 日至 8 月 4 日）与由奥运会之前 4 周和之后 4 周组成的基线期进行比较。 奥运会。背景和对象 居住在亚特兰大大都市 5 个中心县的 1 至 16 岁儿童，其数据在 4 个数据库中的 1 个中获取。 主要结果指标 全市范围内因哮喘（哮喘事件）和非哮喘事件而进行的急性护理就诊和住院治疗、主要空气污染物浓度、气象变量和交通计数。 结果 奥运会期间，哮喘急性发作人数 佐治亚州医疗补助索赔文件中的护理事件减少了 41.6%（每天 4.23 次，每天 2.47 次）；健康维护组织数据库中，护理事件减少 44.1%（每天 1.36 次，每天 0.76 次）；2 个儿科急诊科减少 11.1%（每天 4.77 次，每天 4.24 次）；佐治亚州医院出院数据库中，每天住院次数减少 19.1%（每天 2.04 次，每天 1.65 次）。 4 个数据库中的非哮喘急性护理事件数量分别变化为-3.1%、+1.3%、-2.1% 和+1.0%。在多变量回归分析中，只有医疗补助数据库中记录的哮喘事件的减少是显着的（相对风险，0.48；95％置信区间，0.44-0.86）。每日臭氧峰值浓度下降 27.9%，从基线期间的 81.3 ppb 降至奥运会期间的 58.6 ppb（P
Context Vehicle exhaust is a major source of ozone and other air pollutants. Although high ground-level ozone pollution is associated with transient increases in asthma morbidity, the impact of citywide transportation changes on air quality and childhood asthma has not been studied. The alternative transportation strategy implemented during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga, provided such an opportunity.Objective To describe traffic changes in Atlanta, Ca, during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and concomitant changes in air quality and childhood asthma events.Design Ecological study comparing the 17 days of the Olympic Games (July 19-August 4, 1996) to a baseline period consisting of the 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the Olympic Games. Setting and Subjects Children aged 1 to 16 years who resided in the 5 central counties of metropolitan Atlanta and whose data were captured in 1 of 4 databases.Main Outcome Measures Citywide acute care visits and hospitalizations for asthma (asthma events) and nonasthma events, concentrations of major air pollutants, meteorological variables, and traffic counts.Results During the Olympic Games, the number of asthma acute care events decreased 41.6% (4.23 vs 2.47 daily events) in the Georgia Medicaid claims file, 44.1% (1.36 vs 0.76 daily events) in a health maintenance organization database, 11.1% (4.77 vs 4.24 daily events) in 2 pediatric emergency departments, and 19.1% (2.04 vs 1.65 daily hospitalizations) in the Georgia Hospital Discharge Database. The number of nonasthma acute care events in the 4 databases changed -3.1%, +1.3%, -2.1%, and +1.0%, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, only the reduction in asthma events recorded in the Medicaid database was significant (relative risk, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.86). Peak daily ozone concentrations decreased 27.9%, from 81.3 ppb during the baseline period to 58.6 ppb during the Olympic Games (P