WEAPONS OF MATH DESTRUCTION: HOW BIG DATA INCREASES INEQUALITY
WEAPONS OF MATH DESTRUCTION: HOW BIG DATA INCREASES INEQUALITY
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数学毁灭性武器：大数据如何加剧不平等
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Harris Mateen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Democracy;Cathy O’Neil;Harris Mateen
2008年，对冲基金D.E.肖，看着她周围的整个金融业崩溃。1金融危机给了奥尼尔，一个自称是数学书呆子的博士，数学武器化的前排座位在金融危机期间，那些被设计和推销为上级于人类能力之上、超越人类主观性的复杂数学模型，最终被证明是一场闹剧--层层错误的假设被难以理解的数学层层包裹着。为了欺骗公众和他们自己，银行的金融分析师使用模型和算法作为他们主观和有缺陷的输入的理由。金融危机十年后，奥尼尔看到这些邪恶的模式渗透到现代生活的方方面面。这些“数学毁灭性武器”--正如奥尼尔所说的--是（1）“不透明的”，（2）“无可争议或上诉的”，（3）对被低估的人产生重大影响。2这些数学毁灭性武器或大规模杀伤性武器取代了传统的主观决策者的角色，并使那些受其决策影响的人根据模型调整他们的生活方式。在《数学毁灭性武器：大数据如何增加不平等并威胁民主》一书中，奥尼尔强调了渗透到美国生活各个领域的不同大规模杀伤性武器。
In 2008, Cathy O’Neil, a data scientist at the hedge fund D.E. Shaw, watched as the entire financial sector around her imploded.1 The financial crisis gave O’Neil, a self-proclaimed math nerd with a Ph.D., a front row seat to the weaponization of mathematics. During the financial crisis, complex mathematical models designed and marketed to be superior to human ability and beyond the confines of human subjectivity turned out to be farces—layers of false assumptions coated in difficult-to-understand layers of mathematics. In order to dupe both the public and themselves, financial analysts at banks used models and algorithms as a justification for their subjective and flawed inputs. Ten years after the financial crisis, O’Neil sees these nefarious models infiltrating every aspect of modern life. These “Weapons of Math Destruction”—as O’Neil calls them—are (1) “opaque,” (2) “beyond dispute or appeal,” and (3) disproportionally impact the underprivileged.2 These Weapons of Math Destruction, or WMDs, replace the role of traditional subjective decision makers and cause those affected by their decisionmaking to adjust their ways of life to the models. In Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy, O’Neil highlights different WMDs that have infiltrated various areas of American life.