Screen time and problem behaviors in children: exploring the mediating role of sleep duration
Screen time and problem behaviors in children: exploring the mediating role of sleep duration
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DOI：
10.1186/s12966-019-0862-x
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发表时间：
2019-11-14
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Tremblay, Mark S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guerrero, Michelle D.;Barnes, Joel D.;Tremblay, Mark S.
背景
先前研究屏幕使用时间（ST）与心理健康结果之间关系的研究主要集中在一种类型的屏幕使用（即电视），而很少有研究考虑其他类型的屏幕（例如视频、电影、社交媒体）、屏幕内容（例如暴力电子游戏）或潜在的中介变量。因此，本研究的目的是评估屏幕使用类型和内容及其与问题行为的关联，并确定这些关系是否由睡眠时间介导。
方法
家长和儿童提供了横断面基线数据（2016 - 2018年），作为青少年大脑认知发展研究的一部分，该研究是一个具有广泛美国代表性的样本，包含11875名9至10岁的儿童。家长通过儿童行为检查表自我报告其子女的情绪和行为综合征，并使用家长睡眠障碍量表中的一项报告睡眠时间。儿童自我报告他们的屏幕使用行为，包括屏幕使用类型（电视/电影、视频、电子游戏和社交媒体）和内容（成人级电子游戏和R级电影）。
结果
在各种屏幕使用类型上花费的时间与问题行为呈正相关：观看电视/电影与违规行为增加5.9%（发生率比[IRR]=1.059）、社交问题增加5%（IRR = 1.050）、攻击行为增加4%（IRR = 1.040）以及思维问题增加3.7%（IRR = 1.037）相关。花更多时间玩成人级电子游戏与更多的躯体主诉（IRR = 1.041）、攻击行为（IRR = 1.039）以及睡眠时间减少（IRR =.938）相关。睡眠时间介导了屏幕使用（类型和内容）与问题行为之间的关系，尽管效应量较小。在睡眠时间与所有问题行为之间观察到的效应最大，睡眠时间越长预示着问题行为减少8.8 - 16.6%（IRR范围从.834到.905）。
结论
儿童在屏幕使用行为上花费的时间越多，问题行为就越多。有强有力的证据表明，睡眠时间越长，问题行为越少。虽然睡眠时间介导了屏幕使用对问题行为的影响，但在未来的研究中还需要调查其他潜在的中介变量。
Background Previous research examining the relationship between screen time (ST) and psychological health outcomes have primarily focused on one type of ST (i.e., television), while little research has considered other types of screens (e.g., videos, movies, social media), screen content (e.g., violent video games), or potential mediating variables. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess ST types and content and their association with problem behaviors, and to determine whether these relationships were mediated by sleep duration. Methods Parents and children provided cross-sectional baseline data (2016-18) as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, a broadly US representative sample of 11,875 children aged 9 to 10 years. Parents self-reported their children's emotional and behavioral syndromes via the Child Behavior Checklist and sleep duration using one item from the Parent Sleep Disturbance Scale. Children self-reported their ST behavior, which comprised ST types (television/movies, videos, video games, and social media) and content (mature-rated video games and R-rated movies). Results Time spent in various ST types was positively associated with problem behaviors: watching television/movies was associated with a 5.9% increase in rule-breaking behavior (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.059), 5% increase in social problems (IRR = 1.050), 4% increase in aggressive behavior (IRR = 1.040), and 3.7% increase in thought problems (IRR = 1.037). Greater time spent playing mature-rated video games was associated with greater somatic complaints (IRR = 1.041), aggressive behavior (IRR = 1.039), and reduced sleep duration (IRR = .938). Sleep duration mediated the relationship between ST (type and content) and problem behaviors, albeit the effect sizes were small. The largest effects were observed between sleep duration and all problem behaviors, with greater sleep duration predicting an 8.8-16.6% decrease in problem behaviors (IRRs ranging from .834 to .905). Conclusion Greater time spent in ST behavior was associated with greater problem behaviors among children. There was strong evidence that longer sleep duration was associated with reduced problem behaviors. While sleep duration mediated the effects of ST on problem behaviors, other potential mediating variables need to be investigated in future research.