Attenuated Innate Immunity in Embryonic Stem Cells and Its Implications in Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine.
Attenuated Innate Immunity in Embryonic Stem Cells and Its Implications in Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine.
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DOI：
10.1002/stem.2079
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bai F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guo YL;Carmichael GG;Wang R;Hong X;Acharya D;Huang F;Bai F
胚胎干细胞（ESCs）是再生医学的一个有前途的细胞来源。在过去的二十年里，深入的研究已经导致了在再生医学中使用ESC分化细胞（ESC-DCs）的可行性。然而，越来越多的证据表明，目前的分化方法产生的ESC-DCs可能不具有等同的细胞功能，他们在体内的同行。最近的研究表明，人和小鼠ESC以及某些类型的ESC-DC都缺乏或减弱了对各种感染因子的先天免疫应答。这些发现引起了对其治疗应用的重要关注，因为ESC-DC在植入患者的伤口部位时，它们可能会暴露于病原体和炎性细胞因子。了解减弱的免疫反应对宿主和移植细胞之间的相互作用是有益还是有害成为基于胚胎干细胞的治疗的一个重要问题。最近大量的证据表明，缺乏先天性抗病毒反应是ESC和其他类型的多能细胞的共同特征。这导致了一种假设，即哺乳动物可能在生物体发育的不同阶段适应了不同的抗病毒机制。发育不全的先天免疫代表了ESCs独特且未表征的性质，其可能在发育生物学、免疫学和再生医学中具有重要意义。
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Intensive research over the past two decades has led to the feasibility of using ESC-differentiated cells (ESC-DCs) in regenerative medicine. However, increasing evidence indicates that ESC-DCs generated by current differentiation methods may not have equivalent cellular functions to their in vivo counterparts. Recent studies have revealed that both human and mouse ESCs as well as some types of ESC-DCs lack or have attenuated innate immune responses to a wide range of infectious agents. These findings raise important concerns for their therapeutic applications since ESC-DCs, when implanted to a wound site of a patient, where they would likely be exposed to pathogens and inflammatory cytokines. Understanding whether an attenuated immune response is beneficial or harmful to the interaction between host and grafted cells becomes an important issue for ESC-based therapy. A substantial amount of recent evidence has demonstrated that the lack of innate antiviral responses is a common feature to ESCs and other types of pluripotent cells. This has led to the hypothesis that mammals may have adapted different antiviral mechanisms at different stages of organismal development. The underdeveloped innate immunity represents a unique and uncharacterized property of ESCs that may have important implications in developmental biology, immunology and in regenerative medicine.