Bacterial diversity in faeces from polar bear (Ursus maritimus) in Arctic Svalbard.
Bacterial diversity in faeces from polar bear (Ursus maritimus) in Arctic Svalbard.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2180-10-10
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发表时间：
2010-01-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Sundset MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glad T;Bernhardsen P;Nielsen KM;Brusetti L;Andersen M;Aars J;Sundset MA
北极熊(Ursus Maritimus)是北极海洋生态系统中的主要捕食者，主要以海豹为食，与海冰密切相关。对它们的肠道微生物生态学知之甚少，本研究的主要目的是调查挪威斯瓦尔巴特群岛(74-81°N，10-33°E)北极熊粪便中的微生物多样性。此外，还检测了编码氨苄西林耐药(AMPR)的blaTEM等位基因水平。总共从10只熊身上采集了10个样本，在2004年从5个个体身上采集了直肠拭子，在2006年从5个个体身上采集了粪便样本。构建了16S rRNA基因克隆文库，从161个克隆中获得的所有序列均与梭状芽孢杆菌属有亲缘关系，其中160个序列被鉴定为梭状芽胞杆菌，1个序列被鉴定为未分类的梭状芽孢杆菌。大多数序列(70%)属于梭状芽胞杆菌属。巧克力琼脂上需氧异养细胞计数直肠拭子为5.0×104~1.6×106个/ml，粪便为4.0×103~1.0×105cfu/g。AMPR菌的比例为0%~44%。随机抽取的144株Ampr菌株的β-内酰胺酶活力全部检测为阳性。从直肠标本中分离的AMPR菌株中，有3%的菌株在聚合酶链式反应(PCR)中检测到blaTEM基因的存在时，结果为阳性。在三份北极熊粪便DNA样本中，有两份用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测到BlaTm等位基因。与其他动物物种相比，斯瓦尔巴群岛自然环境中北极熊粪便中的细菌多样性较低，所有获得的克隆都隶属于菲米库特。此外，在一些临床和共生细菌群体中，只检测到低水平的blaTm等位基因，而它们的流行率却在增加。
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are major predators in the Arctic marine ecosystem, feeding mainly on seals, and living closely associated with sea ice. Little is known of their gut microbial ecology and the main purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity in faeces of polar bears in Svalbard, Norway (74-81°N, 10-33°E). In addition the level of blaTEM alleles, encoding ampicillin resistance (ampr) were determined. In total, ten samples were collected from ten individual bears, rectum swabs from five individuals in 2004 and faeces samples from five individuals in 2006. A 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed, and all sequences obtained from 161 clones showed affiliation with the phylum Firmicutes, with 160 sequences identified as Clostridiales and one sequence identified as unclassified Firmicutes. The majority of the sequences (70%) were affiliated with the genus Clostridium. Aerobic heterotrophic cell counts on chocolate agar ranged between 5.0 × 104 to 1.6 × 106 colony forming units (cfu)/ml for the rectum swabs and 4.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 105 cfu/g for the faeces samples. The proportion of ampr bacteria ranged from 0% to 44%. All of 144 randomly selected ampr isolates tested positive for enzymatic β-lactamase activity. Three % of the ampr isolates from the rectal samples yielded positive results when screened for the presence of blaTEM genes by PCR. BlaTEM alleles were also detected by PCR in two out of three total faecal DNA samples from polar bears. The bacterial diversity in faeces from polar bears in their natural environment in Svalbard is low compared to other animal species, with all obtained clones affiliating to Firmicutes. Furthermore, only low levels of blaTEM alleles were detected in contrast to their increasing prevalence in some clinical and commensal bacterial populations.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Aars, J.;Marques, T. A.;Wiig, O.
通讯作者：
Wiig, O.
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Jores, Joerg;Derocher, Andrew E.;Aschfalk, Ansgar
通讯作者：
Aschfalk, Ansgar
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0800072105
发表时间：
2008-03-11
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Demaneche, Sandrine;Sanguin, Herve;Simonet, Pascal
通讯作者：
Simonet, Pascal
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
GOOD, IJ
通讯作者：
GOOD, IJ
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Derocher, AE;Wiig, O;Bangjord, G
通讯作者：
Bangjord, G