The ties that un-bind: decoupling IP from web services and sockets for robust addressing agility at CDN-scale

The ties that un-bind: decoupling IP from web services and sockets for robust addressing agility at CDN-scale
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解除绑定的纽带:将 IP 与 Web 服务和套接字解耦,以实现 CDN 规模的强大寻址敏捷性

DOI:
10.1145/3452296.3472922
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
ACM SIGCOMM
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mislove, Alan
Mislove, Alan
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fayed, Marwan;Bauer, Lorenz;Giotsas, Vasileios;Kerola, Sami;Majkowski, Marek;Odintsov, Pavel;Sitnicki, Jakub;Chung, Taejoong;Levin, Dave;Mislove, Alan

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IP地址、内容或服务名称以及套接字接口之间的耦合过于紧密。这阻碍了系统的可管理性、增长和整体资源调配。反过来,大型内容提供商被迫使用数量惊人的地址,最终导致地址耗尽(IPv4)和效率低下(IPv6)。在本文中,我们将全面回顾IP绑定。我们试图通过将DNS中的IP与网络套接字解耦来发展寻址约定。与SNI和ECMP等技术一起,出现了一种新的体系结构,将IP与服务和服务器“解绑”,从而使IP的角色恢复到仅可达的角色。该架构正在多个数据中心的一家主要CDN进行评估。我们证明,对于20M以上的域和服务,可以从大约4K个地址、256个地址,甚至是一个IP地址中随机生成地址。我们解释了为什么这种方法对路由、L4/L7负载均衡器、分布式缓存和所有周围系统是透明的,并且是非常可取的。我们的经验表明,许多面向网络的系统和服务(例如,路由泄漏缓解、拒绝服务、测量)可以改进,并设计新的系统和服务,如果构建时具有寻址灵活性的话。
The couplings between IP addresses, names of content or services, and socket interfaces, are too tight. This impedes system manageability, growth, and overall provisioning. In turn, large-scale content providers are forced to use staggering numbers of addresses, ultimately leading to address exhaustion (IPv4) and inefficiency (IPv6).In this paper, we revisit IP bindings, entirely. We attempt to evolve addressing conventions by decoupling IP in DNS and from network sockets. Alongside technologies such as SNI and ECMP, a new architecture emerges that ``unbinds'' IP from services and servers, thereby returning IP's role to merely that of reachability. The architecture is under evaluation at a major CDN in multiple datacenters. We show that addresses can be generated randomly \emph{per-query}, for 20M+ domains and services, from as few as ~4K addresses, 256 addresses, and even \emph{one} IP address. We explain why this approach is transparent to routing, L4/L7 load-balancers, distributed caching, and all surrounding systems -- and is \emph{highly desirable}. Our experience suggests that many network-oriented systems and services (e.g., route leak mitigation, denial of service, measurement) could be improved, and new ones designed, if built with addressing agility.
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