Contaminant chemistry and toxicity of sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia: spatial extent and chemistry-toxicity relationships
Contaminant chemistry and toxicity of sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia: spatial extent and chemistry-toxicity relationships
复制标题
澳大利亚悉尼港沉积物的污染物化学和毒性：空间范围和化学-毒性关系
DOI：
10.3354/meps07445
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
G. Spyrakis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Birch;S. McCready;E. Long;S. Taylor;G. Spyrakis
采用三层分层方法对澳大利亚悉尼港表层沉积物化学污染和毒性的空间分布进行了调查。对整个河口的初步化学调查（第一阶段）表明沉积物化学浓度范围广泛且空间模式不同。沉积物质量指南（SQG）被用作调查第二阶段可能毒性的初步估计。对化学混合物的评估表明，港口一小部分（~2%）的沉积物有毒概率最高（~75%），而港口近 25% 的沉积物估计具有中等（~50%）有毒概率。第二阶段的 SQG 评估能够将港口仔细分层为具有不同毒性风险的区域，从而减少了最后一级评估的成本和时间投入。第三阶段进行的空间调查涉及同时进行的化学和生态毒理学分析。在最后阶段，整个沉积物样本中端脚类存活测试以及孔隙水中微生物代谢（Microtox©）和海胆卵受精和胚胎发育测试的响应程度通常随着化学浓度的增加而增加。然而，由于本土片脚类 Corophium colo 的敏感性相对较低，片脚类的反应低于预期。在化学-毒性联合调查中，使用 SQG 最初预测风险最大的区域具有剧毒，而预测风险最低区域的沉积物毒性最小，但在至少一项生态毒理学测试中仍然有毒。结果表明，这项研究使用的经验方法最初是在北美开发的，在其他地方产生了合理的结果，并且基于 SQG 观察到的毒性与使用不同物种但相似方法的预测相匹配。
The spatial distribution of chemical contamination and toxicity of surficial sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia, was investigated in a 3-tiered, hierarchical approach. An initial chemical investigation throughout the entire estuary (Stage 1) indicated wide ranges and different spatial patterns in sediment chemical concentrations. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were used as a preliminary estimate of possible toxicity in Stage 2 of the investigation. Assessment of chemical mixtures indicated that sediments in a small part (~2%) of the harbour had the highest probability of being toxic (~75%), whereas sediment in almost 25% of the port was estimated to have an inter- mediate (~50%) probability of being toxic. The SQG assessment in Stage 2 enabled careful stratifica- tion of the harbour into areas with different toxicity risks, reducing cost and time commitments in the final tier of assessment. The spatial survey carried out in Stage 3 involved concurrent chemical and ecotoxicological analyses. In this final stage, the degree of response in tests of amphipod survival in whole sediment samples, as well as in tests of microbial metabolism (Microtox©) and sea urchin egg fertilisation and embryo development in pore waters, generally increased with increasing chemical concentrations. However, amphipod response was lower than predicted due to relatively low sensi- tivity of the indigenous amphipod Corophium colo. Areas initially predicted, using SQGs, to be most at risk were highly toxic in the combined chemistry-toxicity investigation, while sediment from areas with the lowest predicted risk were least toxic, but still toxic in at least one ecotoxicological test. The results demonstrate that the empirical approach used for this study, which was originally developed in North America, produced plausible outcomes elsewhere and that observed toxicity, based on SQGs, matched predictions using different species but similar methodologies.